600 THE GEOLOGY OF MINNESOTA. 



[Cretaceous beds. 



half inches in diameter, and clusters of selenite (gypsum) crystals; water rose sixteen feet from 

 gravel at the bottom. 



Eidsvold. Norman Webster; N. W. J of sec. 8: well, 14 feet, on low land; soil, 2; yellow till, 

 8; blue clay, 3 feet, containing many fragments of Baculites ajid other Cretaceous fossils; white 

 quicksand, 1 foot, from which water rose one and a half feet. 



Farmer Crampton; S. W. } of sec. 8 : well, 35 feet; soil, 2 ; yellow till, 18: very fine, light 

 yellowish sand, 5; blue till, 10 feet, its upper two or three feet including boulders up to one foot in 

 diameter, its lower seven or eight feet harder and very compact, enclosing numerous pebbles of 

 white limestone and irony concretions, witli many Baculites fragments up to three inches long, 

 and many other Cretaceous fossils, mostly broken, occurring throughout this thickness of seven 

 or eight feet; from yellowish, soft clay at the bottom of this well, water rose in one night fifteen 

 feet, but is very disagreeable to smell and taste. Baculites ovatus, Say, Scaphites Kicolletii. Mor- 

 ton, Placenticeras (Ammonites) placenta, Dekay, and an Inoceramus which may be /. problemati- 

 cus, Schlot., were obtained in this well. 



Orandview. Peter Schmitz; sec. 27: well, 26 feet; soil. 2; yellow till, picked, 13; blue clay, 

 10 feet, easy to dig, but very tenacious, free from gravel, not noticeably laminated, but containing 

 bivalve and gasteropod shells; an Incceramus was found at the depth of 21 feet; next was blue 

 sand, dug into one foot and extending deeper, from which water rose four feet. Two or three 

 fragments of lignite were found in the fossiliferous clay, but no crystals of selenite nor nodules 

 of pyrite. In digging his cellar, Mr. Schmitz found in the till masses one to two inches in 

 diameter of white pulverulent matter, resembling chalk, occurring in the same manner as peb- 

 bles, and doubtless derived from Cretaceous beds. 



In S. W. Lathe's well, sec. 28, fragments of Baculites and other Cretaceous fossils, and 

 crystals of selenite were found. Baculites fragments also are reported in Selden Coleman's well, 

 in the N. W. i of sec. 26. 



Near Marshall a bed of clay found 36 feet below the surface in digging a well, supplied the 

 following fossils, which were presented to the state museum by Kev. E. D. Alden: Placenticeras 

 placenta, Dekay, three specimens, each about four inches in diameter; and ftucula cancellata, M. 

 & H., one specimen, measuring in length 1.25 inches, in hight, 0.90, and in convexity, 0.62, being 

 thus about a third larger than the measurements stated for this species by Meek.* 



Glacial and modified drift. Glacial striae were noted at several places 

 on the gneiss in the southeast part of Granite Falls, east of the river, bear- 

 ing S. 45 to 50 E. They were also distinctly seen on the ledges in section 

 32, Echo, bearing S. 50 to 55 E. The glacial striation that originally 

 marked the surface of the rock-outcrop in the southwest part of Posen has 

 been nearly effaced, but the direction in which the ice-sheet moved is 

 shown by very remarkable furrows, two or three feet deep and from three 

 to six feet wide, which bear S. 50 E. One of these glacial furrows reaches 

 continuously across the entire ledge, ten rods; and another, fifteen feet 

 farther northeast, extends fully a hundred feet. Others, of smaller dimen- 

 sions or shorter, are also noticeable. The formation of these vast grooves 

 was evidently facilitated by the presence of a system of joints, which ex- 

 tends in this direction, intersecting the rock at intervals from one to ten 

 feet apart. Conspicuous examples of these joints coincide in position with 



*TJ. S. geological survey of the territories; vol. ix. Invertebrate Cretaceous and Tertiary fossil* of the upper Missouri 

 country, p. 102, and plate 28. The other fossils before mentioned are also described and figured in this volume. 



