THE GEOLOGY OF MINNESOTA. 



[Water-powers . Stone. Lime. 



Water-powers. Four water-powers are used, for manufacturing Hour, in Le Sueur county; 

 two being on Shanaska creek within a mile east of Kasota, namely, the Kasota mill, near the 

 center of section 33, having a head of twenty-nine feet, and John Heimiker's mill, at the east 

 line of this section, with a head of nineteen feet. The two other powers are afforded by Le 

 Sueur creek, being the Glen mills, near the center of section 6, Sharon, with head of eighteen 

 feet, and William Schlietter's mill, a half mile south of the last, also having eighteen feet head, 

 each of these powers being obtained by carrying the water nearly a half mile in a canal or flume. 

 These streams, and also Cherry creek, run very low in dry seasons, and in the gravelly and sandy 

 lower part of their course, for their one or two miles in the Minnesota valley next to their mouths, 

 were quite dry, but doubtless had some underground drainage, at the time of this examination, in 

 November, 1879. 



Building stone. Kasota has the best quarries found in the Shakopee limestone in this state. 

 They are situated beside the railroad close west of Kasota village, about a mile south of Saint Peter. 

 This stone is in beds from six inches to two and a half feet thick, pinkish buff in color, uniform in its 

 texture, easily cut into any desired form, and durable under exposure to the weather. The most 

 extensive business here is that of Breen & Young, who lease from Brackenridge, Stewart & But- 

 tars. They employ thirty- five men and three teams at quarrying and loading upon the cars, the 

 product in 1879 being worth $15,000 as rough stone; it is dressed after reaching their shops in Saint 

 Paul, which brings their sales per year to about $30,000. The largest stone ever shipped by them 

 weighed ten tons, its dimensions in feet being 14 by 8 by 1 . Their quarry can supply blocks of large 

 size and 2 or 2J feet thick; slabs as for cemetery borders, 20 feet long; and Hag-stones 10 or 12 feet 

 square and eight inches thick. Examples of the stone from this quarry are the residence of H. J. 

 Willing, of the firm of Field, Leiter & Co., in Chicago; the First Baptist church in Saint Paul ; trim- 

 mings of the High school building in Minneapolis; and trimmings of the State prison in Stillwater. 



The quarry of next importance, adjoining the foregoing, is owned by J. W. Babcock, by 

 whom it has been worked fifteen years, his annual sales being from $5,000 to $10,000. He has 

 used stone to cut up which formed an unbroken sheet sixty feet long. Examples from this quar- 

 ry are the trimmings of Odd Fellows' hall in Saint Paul, and of Plymouth church in Minneapolis. 



Between these quarries and the railroad bridge crossing the Minnesota river, another is 

 owned by Malgren, Roseen & Downs, by whom it was worked from 1872 to 1876. 



At Ottawa quarries are owned by Levi Case, John R. Clark, Robert Todd, John S. Randall, 

 Robert Winegar and Casper Mader. Some of these quarries have been operated twenty-five 

 years. The annual product is from 50 to 300 cords from each, sold at $1 to $2.50 per cord. The 

 stone here is in layers from a few inches to one foot thick. It is sold mostly for use within ten 

 or fifteen miles to wall cellars and wells, little being sent away on the cars. 



Lime. At Caroline station, near the center of section 17, Kasota, Conrad Smith since 1876 

 has burned about 6,000 barrels of lime yearly, selling at 55 cents per barrel. Bass and elm wood 

 costs $1.75 per cord. 



A third of a mile southeast from Caroline station, George C. Clapp has burned lime twenty 

 years, averaging 2,000 barrels yearly, but has done nothing in this business during the last few 

 years. 



Lime-burning was formerly carried on beside the railroad about a mile south of East Saint 

 Peter, where the kiln yet remains. 



In Ottawa, a mile north of the village, Charles Schwartz burns about 400 barrels of lime 

 yearly for the demand in this vicinity, selling at 60 cents per barrel. 



These lime-burners use the upper two to five feet of the terraces of Shakopee limestone in 

 these townships, its lower portion being too arenaceous for this purpose. It yields excellent 

 magnesian lime, of dark or yellowish brown color. 



Limestone boulders, gathered from the drift, are burned for lime in a kiln owned by James 

 Timpane, at the southeast edge of Waterville village, producing one or two hundred barrels year- 

 ly, worth f 1 per barrel. This is also mostly a yellowish or brown lime, the greater part of the 

 boulders being from the Shakopee formation. Lime is also occasionally made from boulders at 

 several places in Elysian, the kilns, holding 40 to 100 barrels, being filled once or twice in a year. 



Bricks. At Le Sueur, on the bottomland close southwest of the village, Henry Kruse has 

 made bricks eighteen years, using the recent alluvium of the Minnesota river. His annual pro- 

 duct is about 300,000, selling at $5 per thousand. He mixes one part of saud with two of the allu- 



