666 



THE GEOLOGY OF MINNESOTA. 



I Bridgewater kame. 



N. W. i of sec. 21, Bridgewater, to the N. W. 

 J of sec. 17, Cannon City, on the west side 

 of the river, a distance of five and a half 

 miles. It crosses the river twice, once in 

 the N. W. ^ of sec. 4, and once in the E. A 

 of sec. 8. It consists of gray gravel, with 

 some larger stones, piled in a sharp ridge, 

 about as steeply as such materials will lie. 

 It is popularly known as a "horse-back."' 

 It shows where the river ran during some 

 portion of the ice-age, while the ice itself 

 was present as a glacier, and extended 

 westward and northwestward indefinitely. 



This ridge rises conspicuously, first, on sec. 21, 

 Bridgewater, not far from Wolf creek, on John Cow- 

 den's farm; crossing the land of Benj. Tupper, in the 

 direction S. 25 W. (mag.), it is interrupted for about 

 twenty rods. The country through which it passes is 

 flat or slightly undulating. It rises again on the farm 

 of Marshall Gates, and has about the same direction. 

 It crosses the railroad near the southeast corner of 

 section 20, and the north and south highway east of 

 the railroad, and the east and west high way [within a few 

 rods of that. It has several short gaps then, but can be 

 traced nearly to the Cannon river a little below Carr's crossing, on the N. W. J of sec. 4, Cannon City, 

 where it is very prominent. It re-appears in the S. E. J of sec. 5, in the bottomlands of the river, but 

 on the opposite side. This flat is seventy-live feet lower than the fiat on which it lies in section 33. 

 It is here lying on the Shakopee limestone, with occasional knobs of the St. 1'eter rising so as to be 

 visible (one of them being visible under the gravel at the end of the kame where it is cut by the river 

 in section 8), but in section 33, at its most eastern turn , it lies on a red till, though afterward, where it 

 enters section 32. it lies apparently on a gray till, if not directly on the underlying Shakopee. On the 

 N. J of N. E. J of sec. 8, Cannon City, where it crosses the land of Mr. Peter LeClaire Hall, its upper 

 outline is broken by rather abrupt changes. It continues in the bottomlands (or flood-plain), the 

 strike of the St. Peter passing under it just where it reaches the river and considerably increasing its 

 elevation. It here measures, by aneroid, 92 feet in hight. The flood-plain is about 940 feet above the 

 sea (8 feet above the river), and the kame rises to 1032. The red till, and loam, about one eighth mile 

 farther east, here rise in a timbered bluff in which the lower Trenton limestone is probably included, 

 to 1075 feet. Where the kame ceases, on the west side of the river in section 8, the descent is as 

 steep, to the very water, as on either side of the kame itself. The direction of the kame at this point 

 would cause it to be expected on the west side of the river in the lowest part of the old channel in 

 the northwest part of section 17. Here are found, actually, two ridges, but of less definite 

 characters, and neither of them can be affirmed to be the extension of the kame, since they 

 seem to blend with the generally bluffy till area which here lies between the Milwaukee railroad 

 and the river. One of these lies on each side of the north and south highway (likewise of 

 the Cannon valley railroad). That on the east side, though capped and flanked with gravel, at 

 a hight above the lower gravel terrace, yet has a basis of St. Peter sandrock and red till with 

 northeastern boulders. Its length is about an eighth of a mile. Further east and south the land 

 soon rises into a rough moraine. Toward the west the surface also rises irregularly. though some 

 what in the semblance of a ridge at first, on the west side of which runs a little creek northward 



Fie;. 52. THE BIUDGEWATEK KAME. 



