684 



THE GEOLOGY OF MINNESOTA. 



Building stone, 030. 



Lime, (ii!0. 



Bricks, 03 1. 



Aboriginal earthworks, 031. 

 Big Woods, 90, 409, "121, olio, 030, 000. 

 Birches, 215, 247, 2 8. 

 Bliiek-bird, 37. 

 Black-breasted tern, 37. 



Black walnut, 139, 457, 508. [f. n. 



Blanchard ridge (terminal moraine), Ohio, 463 

 Blue Earth county, chapter on., 415. 

 Situation and area, 415. 

 Surface features, 415. 



Natural drainage, 415. 



Lakes, 416. 



Topography, 410. 



Eroded valleys, 417. 



Elevations, 419. 



Soil and timber, 420. 



Trees and shrubs, 421. 

 Geological structure, 422. 



Potsdam sandstone aud shales, 42::. 



Deep well at Mankato, 423. 



St. Croix sandstone and shales, 424. 



St. Lawrence limestone, 424. 



Jordan sandstone, 426. 



Shakopee limestone, 429. 



Cretaceous beds, 431. 



Analyses of Cretaceous clays, 438. 



Glacial drift, 439. 



Wells, 442. 



Modilied drift, 444. 

 Material resources, 445. 



Water-powers, 445. 



Quarried stone, 446. 



Lime, 447. 



Hydraulic cement and analyses, 449. 



Bricks, 451. 



Fire-bricks, 451 . 



Drain-tiles, 452. I'ottery, 452. 



Artesian wells and fountains, 452. 

 Blue till, as subsoil, 126. Also see Till. 

 Blue-winged teal, 37. [623, 034 



Bluffs of the Minnesota valley, 418, 505, 592, 

 of the Mississippi valley, 122,210,239244. 

 characteristic of rock -formations, 328. 

 See also Erosion by streams. 

 Bog iron ore, orLin of, 129. 

 Bois francs (or forts), 72, 650. 

 Botany of the state, 106. See Flora, Flowers, 

 Forests, Grasses, Prairies, Trees, aud Shrubs. 

 Bottom'ands, 567, 624, 643. See Alluvium. 

 Boulder-clay. See Till. 



Boulders, 36, 38, 55, 59, 64, 70, 88, 125; Hous- 

 ton county, 227; WInona county, 260; Fill- 

 more county, 311; Olmsted county, 344; 



Mower county, 362; Dodge county, 368. 

 Freeborn county, 384, 385, 390; Steele coun- 

 ty, 401; Waseca county, 413; Blue Earth 

 county, 417, 42o, 441; Faribault county, 401; 

 Watonwan and Martin counties. 485; Cot- 

 tonwood and Jackson counties, 509; Murray 

 and Nobles counties, 26, 531; Pipestone 

 and Rock counties, 535, 537, 543, 547, 551; 

 Brown and Redwood counties, 564, 583; 

 Yellow Medicine, Lyon and Lincoln coun- 

 ties, 595-0, 002, 007, (ill; Big Stone and Lac 

 qui Parle counties, 020, 024, 626, 627; Le 

 Sueur county, 027, 043; Rice county, 658-9. 

 Boulders of felsite from the Great Palisades, 

 lake Superior, 609. 

 of limestone from vicinity of Winnipeg, 509, 



553, 620, 043, 059. 

 of magnetic iron ore, 344. 

 Brants, 21. 

 Brelaws, 28. 



Bricks: Houston county, 234; Winona. 200; 

 Fillmore, 321; Olmsted, 345; Mower, 360; 

 Dodge, 375; Freeborn, 39 1; Steele, 402; Wa- 

 seca, 413; Blue Earth, 451; Faribault, 467; 

 Watonwan and Martin, 489; Cottonwood and 

 Jackson, 514; Brown and Redwood, 587; 

 Yellow Medicine, Lyon and Lincoln, 012; Big 

 Stone City, 631; Le Sueur, 646; Rice, 672. 

 Uridgewater kame, 6(15-9. 

 Brown and Redwood counties, chapter on, 562. 

 Situation and area, 502. 

 Surface features, 562. 



Natural drainage, 50:!. 



Lakes, 563. 



Topography, 503. 



Elevations, 565. 



Soil and timber, 507. 

 Geological structure, 508. 



Gneiss and granite, 569. 



Decomposed gneiss and granite, 570. 



Potsdam quartzyte, 572. 



Cretaceous beds, 572. 



Glacial and modified drift, 580. 



Terminal moraines, 581. [581. 



Modilied drift of the earlier glacial epoch, 

 of the last glacial epoch, 582. 



Alluvium, 583. 



Water-worn boulders, 583. 



Wells, 583. 

 Material resources, 580. 



Springs, 586. 



Water-powers, 5S6. 



Building stone, lime, bricks, 587. 



Fire-bricks, 588. 



I'ottery, 588. 



Mineral paint, 588. 



