SCIENTIFIC INDEX. 



Aboriginal earthworks, 588. 

 Buffaloes, 21,28,29,79,541 f.n., 547. 

 Building stones, chapter on, 142. 

 Their qualities and distribution, 142. 

 Crystalline rocks, 142. 

 Quartzytes, 149. 

 Dolomites, 153. 

 Dolornitic limestones, 163. 

 Limestones, 170. 

 Sandstones, 176. 

 Stones from other states, 182. 

 Table of qualitative tests, 184, 195203. 



Methods of the physical tests, 185. 

 General conclusions, 187. 

 Use of stone in Minnesota, 191. 



Also see Quarries. 



Buildings belonging to the state, 193. 

 Bumelia Marcotiana, 570. 

 Buried moraine, 607, 626. 



Calcareous tufa, 327, 513, 550, 5S7. f>1 0, 61 1 , 620. 



Calcareous soils, 129. 



Calcareous veins in till, 442, 64(1. 



Calciferons series, 422, 424, 500. 



Calcite, lamellar, 233, 267; crystals, 575. 



Calumet, peace, 6, 9, 13, 24, 5fiO. 



Calymene, 343. 



Cambrian formations: Houston county, 217, 

 219-227; Winona, 249,251-9; Fillmore, 280-9; 

 Olmsted, 334-9: Blue Earth, 422-431; Cotton- 

 wood, 499-503; Pipestone and Rock, 537-543; 

 Le Sueur, 636-9; Bice, 656-7. 



Cambrian rocks, chief source of tf!e red till, 126. 



Cannon valley railway, elevations, 652. 



Carbonaceous shale, 655, 672. 



Carbonic acid, action on building stones, 186. 



Carp, 78. 



Castle rock, 33, 58, 74, 656. 



Catlinite, 24, 37, 62, 70, 500-502, 541. 



Cedar logs in drift, 345. 



Cedar, red and white, 139, 248. 



Cedar river, Devonian rocks on, 84, 357-361. 

 system of drainage, 135. 



Central chain of lakes, 481. 



Cervus sylvestris, 52 f. n. 



Clia-tetes, 292. 301, 342, 374. 

 lycoperdon, 293. 



Chains of lakes, Martin county, 479, 507, 528. 



Chalybeate springs, 136,414,465,488,532,586, 

 610,645. 



Channels. See Erosion and Water-courses. 



Channels through the moraine on the Coteau 

 des 1'rairies, 603. 



Cliazy formation, 424. 



Chicago & Northwestern railway, elevations. 

 245, 329, 369, 396, 408, 419, 565, 593, 635. 



Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway, eleva- 

 tions: 



Hastings & Dakota di vision, (i 15. 



Iowa & Minnesota division, 349, 396, 652; 

 Austin & Mason City branch, 350. 



River division, 244. 



Southern Minnesota div'n,211,277,349,455, 



474, 496, 522, 536; Mankato branch ,419. 

 Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha rail- 

 way, elevations, 419, 474, 496. 522, 536, 635. 

 Chimney rock, 33, 74, 296. 

 Chimneys, quartzyte used for, 500. 

 Chlorite slate, 32. 

 Choke-damp in wells, 488. 

 Cinnarnomum Scheuclr/.eri, 574. 

 Cissus, 574. 



Clay and clay loam as subsoils, 128. [588. 



Clay, layers indicating years in deposition, 467, 

 Clay, lumps in gravel, 629. 

 Clay, pottery, 402, 452, 573, 585. 

 Clay, stratified, 119. 

 Clay, transition to till, 544, 659, 661. 

 Clays, Cretaceous, 353, 432, 573; analyses, 438. 

 Clear Creek limestone, Illinois, 356. 

 Climatic changes, 498, 524, 526. 



effects on ice-sheet, 641 . 

 Coal, 62, 98, 579. See Lignite. 

 Cocnostroma, 357 f. n. 

 Coffee-tree, 139, 215, 248, 421. 

 Coluber, 37. 



Columnaria alveolata, 289, 290. 

 Concretions and concretionary structure, 257, 



285, 340, 360, 375, 442, 543, 552, 575-6, 577, 



598-600, 640. [640. 



Conglomerate, 61, 77, 86, 97, 355, 499, 501, 541, 

 Contour of the state, 120-5. See Topography. 

 Copper- bearing rocks of lake Superior, 32 f. n., 



52 f.n., 100,422,500. 



of the St. Croix valley, 97, 98, 104. 

 Copper, in aboriginal mounds, 560, 673; in the 



drift, 321, 628,643, 669. 



mined by Indians, 561. 



Copper, Le Sueur's mine, 17, 59. 71, 428, 435. 

 Coregonus albus, 78, 89. 

 Coteau des Prairies, 123, 494, 519, 539, 544, 593, 

 598,601, 616, 621. 



described by Keating, 41; Long, 44; Feath- 

 erstonhaugh, 61; Catlin, 63; Nicollet, 68. 



its geological formation, 41, 09, 99, 494, 598, 



599,601. [491. 



Cottonwood and Jackson counties, chapter on, 



Situation and area, 491. 



Surface features, 492 . 

 Natural drainage, 492. 

 Lakes, 493. 

 Topography, 494. 



