692 



THE GEOLOGY OF MINNESOTA. 



Contour, 328, 333, 337-8. 

 Elevations, 328. 



Surface features of various towns, 329. 

 Timber, 330. 



List of trees, shrubs and vines, 331. 

 Geological structure, 332. 

 St. Lawrence limestone, 334. 

 Jordan sandstone, 335. 

 Shakopee limestone, 336. 

 St. Peter sandstone, 387. 

 Trenton period, 339. 

 Drift, 343. 

 Wells, 345. 



Material resources, 345. 

 Soil, 345. 

 Brick, 345. 



Gold in the drift, 345. 

 Ophileta, 223, 257. 

 Opwagonite, Schoolcraft's name for catlinite, 



62 f. n. 

 Orbiculse, 83. 

 Oriskany sandstone, 356. 

 Orthis, 293, 297, 305, 342, 637, 638, 655. 

 ;i n n rim. 301. 

 Lynx, 301. 

 perveta, 291. 

 plicatella, 301. 

 polygramma, 78. 

 snli;i-(|ii;ita. 301. 

 subquadrata, 301. 

 testudinaria, 78, 301. 

 tricenaria, 291 . 

 Whitfleldi, 301. 



Orthoceras, 78, 223, 291, 340, 360. 

 Orthonota, 297. 

 Otters, 23. 



Paint, 571, 588, 639. [531,647,660. 



Peat, 108, 129, 318, 363-4, 393, 468, 489, 514, 



Peat, interglacial, 313, 363, 402. 



Peat, process of manufacture, 468. 



Peaty soils, 129. 



Pebbles, on Kiester hills, 464; on lake shores, 



485-6, 509; at Balaton, 606; Cretaceous, 309, 



552, 607. 

 Pelicans, 524. 



Pepin, lake, its cause, 58, 124, 132. 

 Perch, 78. 

 Persea, 574. 



Petrified moss, 327, 513, 550, 587, 610, 620. 

 Phillipsite, 86. 

 Phragmolites, 78. 



Physical features of the state, 95, 100, 111-141. 

 Physical tests of building stones, 185. 

 Pickerel, 78. 

 Pigment used by Indians, 60, 71, 428. 



Pike, 78. 



Pine, area of merchantable, 138. 



species of, 138, 139, 215, 248, 279. 

 Pinus (fossil), 574. 



Pipes, Indian stone, 24 f . n., 560. See Calumet. 

 Pipestone and Rock counties, chapter on, 533. 

 Situation and area, 533. 

 Surface features, 533. 

 Natural drainage, 533. 

 Topography, 534. 

 Elevations, 536. 

 Soil, timber and fuel, 537. 

 Geological structure, 537. 

 Red quartzyte, 537. 

 Historical resume, 538. 

 The pipestone quarry, 538. 

 Conglomerate, 541. 

 Pipestone or catlinite, 541. 

 Drift. Till, 543. 

 Terminal moraine, 544. 

 Loam-clay, 544. 

 Kame-like deposits, 545. 

 Boulders, 545. 

 Glacier-marks, 547. 

 Thickness of the glacier, 549. 

 Analysis of water of Rock river, 550. 

 Springs, 550. 

 Wells, 550. 

 Material resources, 554. 



Building stone, 654. 

 Archseology, 555. 

 Indian inscriptions, 555-560. 

 Indian stone pipes, 560. 



Pipestone, 24, 37, 62, 70,500,501,502,541,561 

 Pipestone quarry, 62, 70, 538, 541. 

 Placenticeras placenta, 600. 

 Plains of sand and gravel, 118, 122. 

 Platanus primseva, 574. 

 Pleurotomaria, 78, 223, 342. 

 Polished rock surfaces, 66, 541. 

 Ponds, 326, 564. 

 Poplars, 214, 247. 

 Populites cyclophyllus, 574. 

 Populus cordifolia, 574. 

 cyclophylla, 574. 

 elegans, 574. 

 Lancastriensis, 574. 

 litigiosa, 574. 

 Porphyrite, 104. 

 I'ot-holes, 61, 434, 583. 



Potsdam formations, 83, 97, 100, 103, 180; 

 Blue Earth county, 422, 424; Watonwan; 

 474, 476; Cottonwood, 494, 499, 513; Pipe- 

 stone and Rock, 537, 554; Brown, 568, 572. 

 Potsdam pebbles and boulders, 465, 486, 509, 

 606. 



