45 



sheets are put tegether by means of an interlocking joint formed by over- 

 lapping the edges which fit over each other. The joint is made tight by 

 means of a curved rod which fits on the outside of the corrugated groove 

 and a curved bevelled bar or small channel on the inside. The steel rods 

 carry the weight of the flume. The ends are threaded for nuts and pass 

 through the carrier or tie beams which are supported on stringers usually 

 about 16 feet long. The stringers rest on trestle bents to which they are 

 connected by bolts. By screwing the nuts the outside rod is drawn firmly 

 against the flume and the channel or bar presses on the inside making a 

 water tight joint. The method of construction and the completed flume are 

 shown by Figs. 



There are two makes of flume on the market, one known as the Maginnis 

 galvanized steel flume, sold by the Maginnis Flume Co., Ideal Building, 

 Denver, Colorado; the other known as the Hess flume, sold by the Hess 

 Flume Company, First National Bank Building, Denver, Colorado. The 

 first type of flume has been used in British Columbia. The second type has 

 been developed only recently. The construction is very similar, differing 

 only in the method of forming the interlocking joint. ' The Maginnis flume 

 has a small channel which fits on the inside of the flume at each joint, 

 while the Hess flume has a bevelled bar which fits in the groove. The 

 Hess flume is made in sizes ranging from a diameter of 15^4 inches to 12 

 leet 9 inches, the Maginnis flume in sizes ranging from 15 inches to 10 feet 

 2 inches. The capacities given in the catalogues are for the flumes running 

 full with no free board or clearance between the water level and the edges 

 of the sheets. The purchaser should consider this and obtain a flume of 

 ample capacity. The Hess flume has a greater capacity than the same size 

 Maginnis flume because of the form of interlocking joint. The inside chan- 

 nel of the Maginnis flume projects above the inside/ surface of the metal 

 .sheets, while the outside surface of the bevelled bar of the Hess flume is 

 flush with the inside surface of the sheets. 



The metal used is either galvanized iron or steel sheets or some metal 

 such as Ingot Iron or Toncan metal. These last two metals are a grade oi 

 iron in which all impurities found in ordinary steel or iron have been elim- 

 inated as far as possible. The resulting metal has the property of resisting 

 rust or corrosion much better than the common or galvanized iron and 

 steel. The cost of the better grade of metal is 'not much higher and it 

 should be used in all cases. 



As regards economy, the first cost of a metal flume will be higher than 

 that of a wooden flume, but its greater durability as well as its water tight- 

 ness will make its ultimate cost lower. 



PLAIN CONCRETE PIPE NOT REINFORCED. 



During the past thirty years cement pipes from 6 to 36 inches in diam- 

 eter have been used very extensively in southern California where the 

 scarcity and value of water have necessitated its most economical use and 

 have justified the expense of putting in the best form of construction. On 

 many systems the open ditches, especially the laterals, have been entirely 

 replaced by cement pipes. Several hundred miles of cement pipes are now 

 in use and it will not be many years before open ditches will have disap- 

 peared with the exception of some of the larger main canals. The advan- 

 tages which have led to their adoption are: 



1st. They eliminate the losses of conveyance. 



2nd. They do not occupy any land which can not be cultivated. 



