48 Dairy Bacteriology. 



animals can be carded to remove the loose hairs and the 

 evident dirt ; the fine dust can now be removed by wiping 

 with a clean damp cloth just before the milking process. 

 The actual washing and wiping of the udder and flanks 

 still further reduces the contamination coming from the 

 animal; experiments show a reduction of fully three- 



FIG. 12. SANITARY MILK PAILS. . 



The small opening is very efficient in keeping the dirt out of 



milk. 



fourths of total contamination. Clipping the udder and 

 flanks also aids in keeping the animal clean. 



It is often asserted that the treatment of the animals 

 in these ways reduces the yield of milk. It is certain 

 that such an effect will persist for only a short time and 

 there is reason to believe that grooming increases the 

 yield. 



Sanitary milk pails. The entrance of organisms into 

 the milk can be greatly reduced by lessening the area of 

 the milk pail exposed to the dust shower. To accomplish 

 this purpose a number of so-called sanitary or hygienic 

 milk pails have been devised. In some cases, these are 

 the regular type of pail provided with a cover having a 



