Contamination of Milk. 49 



small opening through which the milk is received. In 

 other cases, a strainer is interposed so as to remove more 

 effectually the coarse particles. While pails of this type 



FIG. 13. SANITARY MILK PAILS. 



The Stadtmueller pail and the Truman pail, two of the most 

 practical of the small-topped pails. 



are successful in the removal of a large part of the dirt, 

 and consequently reduce materially the bacterial content 

 of the milk, yet they must be of simple construction, so 

 that they can be kept in a clean condition in order to 

 adapt them for general practical use. The use of such 

 a utensil increases materially the keeping quality of the 

 milk. 



Stocking has shown that under ordinary barn condi- 

 tions, the use of small-topped pails reduced the number 

 of bacteria 95 per cent ; with dirty cows the reduction in 

 bacteria amounted to 97 per cent. A six-inch opening 

 presents only one-fourth as large an exposure as a twelve 

 inch, so that the reduction in bacterial content i,s greater 

 than the lessening in the size of the openings of the pails. 

 The ordinary pail receives dust not only from the udder, 

 but also from the flank which is usually a more important 

 4 



