32 HISTORY OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 



years of the Ungerian period, which is next to be con- 

 sidered. They were of little influence, however, and to 

 be considered only as echoes of a point of view already 

 on its way to the limbo of scientific rejecta. Sorauer 

 (1909 : 49) refers to one such published in 1818. 1 



The publication in 1807 by Freiherr von Werneck of 

 his Investigations in plant pathology and therapy, 2 

 and the Essay, theoretical and practical, on diseases of 

 plants, 3 by the Italian Filippo Re, mark the close of this 

 period. Both were philosophical rather than practical, 

 following much the same lines as those of their contem- 

 poraries. 



The characteristic features of the Zallingerian period 

 may be summarized as follows: (1) Phytopathologic 

 thought and writings were distinctly taxonomic; (2) 

 the basis of classification was symptomologic; (3) modern 

 practices in plant disease control had their beginnings 

 hi this period; (4) the cause of disease in plants was gener- 

 ally attributed to occult influences or to the effects of 

 the elements, especially unfavorable soil, winds, low 

 temperatures, and the like, but the theory of the auto- 

 genetic nature of disease was beginning to take form. 



1 * Burdach, Heinrich: Systematisches Handbuch der Obstbaum- 

 krankheiten, Berlin, 1818. 



2 * Werneck (L. F. F.), Freiherr von: Versuch einer Pflanzen Patho- 

 logic und Therapie; ein Beitrag zur hohern Forstwissenschaft, pp. 1-60, 

 Mannheim, 1807. 



3 Re, Filippo: Saggio teorico pratico sulle malattie delle piante, pp. 

 1-437, Venice, 1807. A second edition appeared in 1817 from Milan, 

 pp. 1-331. An English translation of this appeared in Card. Chron., 1849, 

 p. 211, and running throughout the numbers for nearly two years. An 

 earlier work of the same sort, under the title: * Saggio di nosologia 

 vegetabile, Mem. di Mat. e di Fisica Soc. Ital. delle Sci., 12:2: 225-255, 

 appeared in 1805. 



