THE MODERN ERA 



THE doctrine of the autogenetic origin of disease in 

 plants reached its high-water mark in the philosophy of 

 Franz linger, as we have already seen. The end of the 

 eighteenth and the early days of the nineteenth century 

 saw a growing school of mycologists whose observations 

 and studies convinced them that the spore-like structures 

 of the entophytic fungi were, in reality, reproductive 

 bodies; that they germinate and hence must serve to 

 propagate their kind; and finally that these entophytes 

 must be independent organisms causing the diseased 

 conditions with which they are constantly found associ- 

 ated and not the result thereof. To this school belonged 

 such noted mycologists as Bulliard, DeCandolle, Link, 

 Tulasne, Leveille, and others (de Bary, 1853 : 107). 

 Positive proof in the form of carefully checked infection 

 experiments were, however, largely wanting 



The brilliant and classic studies of the Tulasne 1 

 brothers on the life history of such parasitic fungi as 

 Claviceps, the Erysiphaceae, the Uredinales, and the 

 Ustilaginales had unfolded the fact of polymorphism in 



Tulasne, L. R. et Ch.: Memoire sur les Ustilaginees comparees 

 aux Uredinees, Ann. Sci. Nat., 3:7: 12-127, 1847; and the following 

 by L. R. Tulasne alone: Memoire sur 1'Ergot des Glumacees, Ann. 

 Sci. Nat., 3 :20 : 5-56, 1853; Second Memoire sur les Uredinees et les 

 Ustilaginees, Ann. Sci. Nat., 4:2: 75-196, 1854; and finally that extra- 

 ordinary work by the Tulasne brothers, Selecta fungorum carpologia, ea 

 documenta et icones potissimum exhibens quae viria fructuum et 

 seminum genera in eodem fungo simul aut vicissim adesse demonstrent, 

 1 : 1-XXVIII + 1-242, 1861; 2 : 1-XIX + 1-319, 1863. 



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