BINDWEED. MARIGOLD. 



125 



The FAMILY OF BORRAGI'NE^E is 

 closely allied to the Labia'tse ; the type 

 of this family is the barrage. 



77. The FAMILY OF CONVOLVU- 

 LA'CE^E, which is also composed of 

 hypogy'nous, monopetalous plants, has 

 the bindweeds as its type (figure 152), 

 which are common in our fields and 

 gardens. A species of the bindweeds 

 furnishes jalap, an active purgative 

 medicine. 



78. We also place in the class of 

 Hypocoro'lleae the FAMILY OF PRIMU- 

 LA'CE^J, the type of which is the prim- 

 rose, the gentia'nre, and several others. 



79. The FAMILY OF SYNANTHE'- 

 REJE (from the Greek, sun, with, and 

 anthos, flower) or COMPOSITE, which 

 belongs to the division of monopetalous 

 Epicoro'llece, is very remarkable for the 

 arrangement of its flowers. They are 

 generally small, and united in a close 

 mass, called capi'tulum, upon a com- 

 mon receptacle ; they a 

 are of two kinds ; one 

 has a regular corolla in 

 form of a funnel, and 

 called flosculous ; the 

 others have an irregu- 

 lar corolla, laterally 

 warped in form of a 

 little tongue. Finally, 

 the anthers are united, 

 and form a tube which 

 is traversed by the 

 style (figure 110). 

 Sometimes the capitulums (fig. 80) are composed only of florets 

 like the thistle (fig. 154, a) and artichoke ; sometimes in demi- 

 florets, as the dandelion and lettuce ; and sometimes of florets in 

 the centre, and demi-florets occupying the circumference, as the 

 sunflower and marigold (Jig. 153). The first are frequently 

 designated under the name of flosculous, the second are called 

 semi-flosculous, and the last radiate. 



77. From what family of plants is jalap obtained ? 



78. To what class does the family of Primula' CCEB belong? 



79. What are the general characters of the Synanthe'reae ? 



11 * 



Fig. 153. MARIGOLD. 



Fig. 154. 



MILK THISTLE. 



