132 



BOTANY. 



slow one, occupying two years. Shortly after the pollen is 

 shed, the female flowers, which are at first upright, bend down- 

 ward, and assume a brownish color, growing considerably in 

 size for a short time, and then ceasing to grow for several 

 months. 



FIG. 75. Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris). A, a ripe cone, x %. B, a year-old 

 cone, x 1. C, longitudinal section of B. D, a single scale of B, showing 

 the sporangia (ovules) (o), x 2. E, a scale from a ripe cone, with the seeds 

 (s), x */2. f\ longitudinal section of a ripe seed, x 3. em. the embryo. G, a 

 germinating seed, x 2. r, the primary root. H, longitudinal section through 

 G, showing the first leaves of the young plant still surrounded by the endo- 

 sperm, x 4. i t an older plant with the leaves (0 withdrawing from the seed 

 coats, x 4. J t upper part of a young plant, showing the circle of primary 

 leaves (cotyledons), x 1. K, section of the same, x 2. 6, the terminal bud. 

 L, cross-section of the stem of the young plant, x 25. /&. a fibre-vascular 

 bundle. M, cross-section of the root, x 25. x, wood. ph. bast, of the fibro- 

 vascular bundle. 



In Figure 75, jB, is shown such a flower as it appears in the 

 winter and early spring following. The leaves are thick and 

 fleshy, closely pressed together, as is seen by dividing the 

 flower lengthwise, and each leaf ends in a long point (D). 

 The ovules are still very small. As the growth of the tree is 



