160 



BOTANY, 



structure may be had by cutting across a corn-stalk, which is 

 built on precisely the same pattern. 



ORDER IV. Glumacece. 



The plants of this order resemble each other closely in their 

 habit, all having long, narrow leaves with sheathing bases that 

 D 



r- t 



FIG. 87. Types of Glumacese. A, a .sedge, Carex (Cyperacese) . d 1 , the male; 

 ? , the female flowers, x %. B, a single male flower, x 2. C, a female flower, 

 x 2. D, fruiting spike of another Carex, x %. E, a single fruit, x l. F, the 

 same, with the outer envelope removed, and slightly enlarged. G, section of 

 F, x 3. em. the embryo. H, a bulrush, Scirpus (Cyperacese), x %. /, a 

 single spikelet, x 2. J, a single flower, x 3. K, a spikelet of flowers of the 

 common orchard grass, Dactylis (Graminese), x 2. L, a single flower, x 2. 

 M, the base of a leaf, showing the split sheath encircling the stem, x 1. N, 

 section of a kernel of corn, showing the embryo (em.), x 2. 



surround the slender, distinctly jointed stem which frequently 

 has a hard, polished surface. The flowers are inconspicuous, 

 borne usually in close spikes, and destitute of a perigone or 

 having this reduced to small scales or hairs. The flowers are 

 usually surrounded by more or less dry leaves (glumes, palese) 



