206 BOTANY. 



the pomegranate whose brilliant, scarlet flowers are extremely 

 ornamental. Cloves are the dried flower-buds of an East- 

 Indian myrtaceous tree ( Caryophyllus) . In Australia the 

 order includes the giant gum-trees (Encalypus), the largest of 

 all known trees, exceeding in size even the giant trees of 

 California. 



Among the commoner Myrtifloraz, the majority belong to 

 the two families Onagracece and Lythracece. The former 

 includes the evening primroses (CEnothera), willow-herb (Epi- 

 lobium) (Fig. 113, D), and fuchsia; the latter, the purple 

 loosestrife (Lythrum) and swamp loosestrife (Nescea). The 

 water-milfoil (Myriophyllum) (Fig. 113, J) is an example of 

 the family Haloragidacece, and the Rhexias of the eastern 

 United States represent with us the family Melastomacece. 



The sixth order of the Calyciftorce is a small one (Thyme- 

 Hnce), represented in the United States by very few species. 

 The flowers are four-parted, the calyx resembling a corolla, 

 which is usually absent. The commonest member of the 

 order is the moosewood (Dirca) (Fig. 113, A), belonging to the 

 first of the three families ( Thymelceacece) . Of the second 

 family (Elceagnacece) , the commonest example is Shepherdia, 

 a low shrub having the leaves covered with curious, scurfy 

 hairs that give them a silvery appearance. The third family 

 (Proteacece) has no familiar representatives. 



The seventh order (JRosiflorce) includes many well-known 

 plants, all of which may be united in one family (Rosacece), 

 with several sub-families. The flowers are usually five-parted 

 with from five to thirty stamens, and usually numerous, distinct 

 carpels. In the apple and pear (Fig. 114, /), however, the 

 carpels are more or less grown together ; and in the cherry, 

 peach, etc., there is but a single carpel giving rise to a single- 

 seeded stone-fruit (drupe) (Fig. 114, E, H). In the straw- 

 berry (Fig. 114, A), rose (G), cinquefoil (Potentilla), etc., 

 there are numerous distinct, one-seeded carpels, and in 

 Spirwa (Fig. 114, F) there are five several-seeded carpels, 



