62 ELEMENTS OF STRUCTURAL BOTANY. 



swollen end of the stem. This swollen mass is coated on 

 the outside with thin scales. A section across the middle 

 shows it to be more or less solid, with the stem growing 



Fig. 82. 



up through it from its base. It is, in fact, not easy to say 

 how much of this stem-like growth is in reality stem, 



Fig. 83. -Dog's-tooth Violet, 



