116 



ELEMENTS OF STRUCTURAL BOTANY. 



174. In the third class, as the apex expands, we have 

 the forms spathulate (Fig. 149), oblanceolate that is, the 

 reverse of lanceolate (Fig. 150), and obovate (Fig. 151). 



175. In leaves of the second kind we frequently find 

 the base indented, and then the leaf is cordate or heart- 



Fig. 155. 



Fig. 156. 



Fig. 157. 



shaped (Fig. 152). The reverse of this that is, when the 

 indentation is at the apex is obcordate (Fig. 153). The 

 hastate or spear-shaped (Fig. 154), sagittate or arrow- 

 shaped (Fig. 155), and reniform or kidney-shaped (Fig. 

 156) forms are modifications of the second 

 /;- A class, and will be readily understood from 



' the annexed figures. 



If the petiole is attached to any part of 

 the under surface of the leaf, instead of to 

 the edge, the leaf is peltate (shield-shaped) 

 Fig. 158. (Fig. 158). 



176. Leaves which are lobed are usually described by 

 stating whether they are palmately or pinnately veined; and 



Figs. 155 to 158. Various forms of foliage-leaves. 



