FOLIAGE-LEAVES. 



117 



Fig. 159. 



if the former, the number of lobes is generally given. If the 

 leaves are very deeply cut, they are said to be palmatijld 

 QI pinnatifid, according to the veining (Fig. 1 59). If the leat 

 is pinnatifid and the lobes point backwards 

 towards the base, as in Dandelion, the leaf 

 is said to be runcinate. If the leaf is palmately 

 lobed, and the lobes at the base are them- 

 selves lobed, the leaf is pedate (Fig. 160), 

 because it looks something like a bird's foot. 

 If the lobes of a pinnatifid leaf are them- 

 selves lobed, the leaf is bipinnatifid. If the 

 leaf is cut up into tine segments, as in 

 Dicentra, it is said to be multifid. 



177. Apex. The principal forms of the 

 apex are the mucronate (Fig. 157), when 

 the leaf is tipped with a sharp 

 point, as though the mid-rib were 

 projecting beyond the blade ; 

 cuspidate, when the leaf ends 

 abruptly in a very short, but 

 distinctly tapering, point (Fig. 

 161) ; acute, or sharp ; 

 and obtuse, or blunt. 



It may happen that the apex does not end in 

 a point of any kind. If it looks as though the 

 end had been cut off square, it is truncate. If 

 Fig.\6i the end is slightly notched, but not sufficiently 

 so to warrant the description obcordate, it is emarginate. 



178. Margin. If the margin is not indented in any 

 way, it is said to be entire. If it has sharp teeth, pointing 



Figs. 159 to 161. Various forms of foliage-leaves. 



