208 ELEMENTS OF STRUCTURAL BOTANY. 



name for each kind of group, in order to avoid confusion 

 of ideas. We shall, then, to begin with, draw a broad 

 line of distinction between those plants which produce 

 flowers of some kind, and those which do not, and to each 

 of these great groups we shall give the name Series. 

 We thus have the Flowering, or, to use the Greek 



term, Phanerogamous, Series, and the Flowerless 



or OryptOgamOUS Series ; or we may speak of 



them briefly as Phanerogams and Cryptogams. 



Then, leaving the Cryptogams aside for the moment, we 

 may break up the Phanerogams into two great Classes, 

 Dicotyledons and Monocotyledons, for reasons 

 already explained. By far the greater number 'of 

 Dicotyledons produce seeds which are enclosed in a 

 pericarp of some kind ; but there is a remarkable group 

 of plants (represented in Canada only by the Pines and 

 their immediate relatives) which dispense with the 

 pericarp altogether, and whose seeds are consequently 

 naked. So that we can make two Sub-classes of the 

 Dicotyledons on the basis of this difference, and these 



we shall call the Angiospermous Sub-class and 

 the Gymnospermous (naked-seeded) Sub-class. 



The first of these may be grouped in three Divisions, 

 the Polypetalous, Gamopetalous, and Apetalous, and the 

 Monocotyledons also in three, the Spadiceous, the 

 Petaloideous, and the Glumaceous, types of which we have 

 already examined in the Marsh Calla (spadiceous), 

 Trillium (petaloideous), and Timothy (glumaceous), and 

 the distinctions between which are sufficiently obvious. 



The Cryptogams are divided into three great 

 Classes, viz.: PteridophyteS, embracing Ferns, 

 Horsetails, and Club-mosses ; Bryophytes, embracing 



