APPENDIX. 



from examination flaper0. 



UNIVEESITY OF TOEONTO. 



1 . Define suckers, stolons, offsets, runners, tendrils, thorns, and 

 prickles, describing their respective origins and uses, and giving 

 examples of plants in which they occur. 



2. What are the functions of leaves ? Describe the different kinds 

 of compound leaves. 



3. What is meant by inflorescence ? Describe the different kinds 

 of flower-clusters, giving an example of each. 



4. Mention and explain the terms applied to the various modes 

 of insertion of stamens. 



5. How are fruits classified ? What are multiple or collective 

 fruits ? Give examples. 



6. Relate the differences in structure between endogenous and 

 exogenous stems. Describe their respective modes of growth. 



7. What is the food of plants ? how do they obtain it ? and how 

 do they make use of it ? 



8. Describe the component parts of a simple flower. How is 

 reproduction effected ? 



9. Describe the anatomical structure of a leaf, and the formation 

 and office of leaf-stomata. 



10. Explain the consequences of flowering upon the health of a 

 plant, and show how these effects are remedied in different climates. 

 What practical bearing has this upon horticulture ? 



11. Trace the development of a carpel from a leaf. Describe the 

 different forms assumed by placentae in compound ovaries, and 

 explain the origin of these variations. 



12. Mention the principal modes in which pollen gains access to 

 the stigma. What are hybrid plants, and how are they perpetuated ? 



13. Describe the anatomy of a leaf. What are stomata? 



14. What is the placenta in a seed-vessel ? Describe the different 

 modes of placentation. Show how the varieties of placentation 

 agree with the " altered-leaf theory " of the pistil. 



15. Give the characters of the Composite. How is the order 

 sub-divided ? Describe the composite flower, and mention some of 

 the common Canadian examples of this order. ' 



