EXAMINATION PAPERS. 229 



89. Sub-kingdoms and classes of the vegetable kingdom. 



40. What is meant by a composite flower ? Illustrate your answer 

 by reference to the dandelion, and point out in what respect its 

 flower-head differs from that of the common clover. 



41. Define what is meant by the terms Exogen and Endogen. 



42. Explain what is meant by the following : Stamens and petals 

 are, from a morphological point of view, leaves. 



What is the morphological nature of onion bulbs, and potato 

 tubers ? 



43. Name and describe the different parts of stamens and pistils. 

 Why are these two sets of organs called the essential parts of a 

 flower ? State what is meant by a staminate flower, and what by a 

 pistillate flower ? How is fertilization accomplished in the case of 

 the latter ? 



44. What is meant by the terms, berry, drupe, and pome ? Why 

 cannot a raspberry or a strawberry be termed a true berry 



45. Draw outlines of the following forms of leaves : ovate, deltoid, 

 lanceolate, reniform, peltate, sagittate, hastate, cordate, obcordate. 



46. Define the following terms : involucre, glume, gyncecium, 

 micropyle, pappus, spadix, tendril, cyme. 



SECOND AND THIRD CLASS TEACHERS' CERTIFICATES, 

 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. 



1. Name the parts of the pistil and stamens of a flower and give 

 their uses. 



2. What are Perennial plants ? Describe their mode of life. 



3. " There are two great classes of stems, which differ in the way 

 the woody part is arranged in the cellular tissue." Fully explain this. 



4. Describe the functions of leaves. How are leaves classified as 

 to their veining. 



5. Name and describe the organic constituents of plants. 



6. Name the organs of reproduction in plants, and describe their 

 functions. 



7. Give, and fully describe, the principal parts of the flower. 



8. What are^the different parts of a plant ? Describe the functions 

 of each part. 



9. State all the ways by which an Exogenous stem may be 

 distinguished from an Endogenous. 



10. Describe the functions of leaves. Wliat is the cause of their 

 fill in autumn ? Draw and describe a maple leaf. 



11. Name the different parts of a flower, and describe the use of 

 each part. Draw a diagram showing a stamen and a pistil and the 

 parts of each. 



