230 EXAMINATION PAPERS. 



12. What is the fruit ? Why do some fruits fall from the stem 

 more easily than others ? 



13. Of what does the food of plants consist ? In what forms and 

 by what organs is it taken up, and how is it assimilated ? Name 

 the substances inhaled and those exhaled by plants, and the uses of 

 each in the economy of nature. 



14. Describe fully (1) the plant in Vegetation ; (2) the plant in 

 Eep reduction. 



15. Describe Fibrous roots, Fleshy roots, and different kinds of 

 Tap-root. 



16. Describe the structure and veining of leaves. 



17. " The nourishment which the mother plant provides in the 

 seed is not always stored up in the embryo." Explain and illustrate. 



18.- Describe the various modes in which Perennials "provide a 

 stock of nourishment to begin the new growth. " 



19. Describe fully the organs of reproduction in a plant. Describe 

 the process of germination. 



20. What are the parts of a flower ? Give illustrations by diagram, 

 with a full description. 



21. Name and describe the principal sorts of flowers. 



22. What elementary substances should the soil contain for the 

 nourishment of plants ? 



23. How are plants nourished before and after appearing above 

 ground ? 



24. Tell what you know about the various forms of the calyx and 

 the corolla. 



25. Explain the terms Cotyledon, Pinnate, Boot-stock, Filament, 

 and Radicle. 



26. Explain the terms Papilionaceous, Cruciferous, Silique, and 

 Syngenesious ; and in each case name a family in the description of 

 which the term under consideration may be properly applied. 



27. Give the characters of the Rose family. 



28. Describe the various modes in which biennials store up 

 nourishment during their first season . 



29. Explain the meaning of the terms Sepal, Bract, Raceme, and 

 Stipule. Describe minutely the Stamen and the Pistil, and give 

 the names applied to their parts. 



30. Are the portions of the onion, the potato, and the turnip which 

 are capable of preservation through the winter, equally entitled to 

 the name of roots ? Give reasons for your answer. 



31. Describe briefly a vegetable cell in regard to its form, size, 

 contents, &c. 



What differences usually exist between cells found in pith and 

 those found in wood ? 



32. Name two kinds of underground stems. 

 How do we know that they are not roots ? 



State any uses of these stems (a) to the plant, (b) to man. 



