198 COMMON CANADIAN WILD PLANTS. 



a large leaf-like 5-9-lobed bract. Stamens 8-16, monadel- 

 phous at the base, the anther-cells hanging from the apex 

 of the filament. Styles 3, the stigmas cut-fringed, usually 

 red. Pod separating into 3 globular carpels. A nettle-like 

 weed, with ovate, sparsely serrate, alternate, long-petioled 

 leaves. Fields and open places. 



ORDER LXXXIV. URTICA'CE^l. (NETTLE F.) 



Herbs, scrubs, or trees, with monoecious or dioecious (or, 

 in the Elms, sometimes perfect) flowers, with a regular calyx 

 free from the 1-2-celled ovary which becomes a 1-seeded 

 fruit. Stamens opposite the lobes of the calyx. This Order 

 is divided into four well-marked Suborders. 



SUBORDER I. ULMA'CEjE. (ELM FAMILY.) 



Trees, with alternate simple leaves, and deciduous small 

 stipules. Flowers often perfect. Styles 2. Fruit a samara 

 winged all round, or a drupe. 



* fruit a samara ; anthers extrorse, 



1. 1 I in us. Flowers in lateral clusters, earlier than the leaves, purplish 



or greenish-yellow. Calyx bell-shaped, 4-cleft. Stamens 4-9; 

 the filaments long and slender. Ovary 2-celled, but the samara 

 only 1-seeded. Stigmas 2. 



* * Fruit a drupe ; anthers introrse. 



2. Celtis. Flowers greenish, polygamous, the pistillate solitary or in 



pairs, appearing with the leaves. Calyx 5-6-parted, persistent. 

 Stamens 5-G. - Stigmas 2, long and pointed and recurved. Ovary 

 1-ovuled. 



SUBORDER II. ARTOCAR' PE^E. (BREAD-FRUIT AND FIG F.) 



Flowers monoecious or dioecious, crowded in catkin-like 

 spikes or heads, the whole pistillate catkin becoming an 

 aggregate fruit from the enlargement of the calyx in the 

 several flowers. Calyx4-parted. Stamens 4. Ovary 2-celled, 

 1 cell eventually disappearing. Styles 2. 



3. Morns. Pistillate and staminate flowers in separate catkins. Trees 



with milky juice and rounded leaves. Staminate spikes slender. 



