90 ELEMENTS OF WATER BACTERIOLOGY 



associates (1904) have shown that there are not less 

 than three distinct types of dysentery bacilli forming 

 that group. 



Isolation of Typhoid Bacilli from Water. The methods 

 we have been discussing have many of them been used 

 chiefly for obtaining the typhoid bacillus from fasces, 

 which is much easier than its isolation from polluted 

 water. There are, however, a number of cases in which 

 the organism has undoubtedly been isolated from 

 polluted water, as by Kubler and Neufeld (Klibler and 

 Neufeld, 1899), who examined a farmhouse well at 

 Neumark in 1899, and Fischer and Flatau (Fischer and 

 Flatau, 1901), who discovered an organism responding 

 to a most exhaustive series of tests for the typhoid 

 bacillus in a well at Rellingen in 1901. In these cases 

 the water was directly plated upon Eisner's medium or 

 phenolated gelatin with no preliminary process of 

 enrichment. Willson (Willson, 1905) summarized the 

 instances in which the typhoid bacillus had been 

 isolated from infected drinking water, up to 1905, and 

 included, in addition to the above-mentioned cases, the 

 following : 



1. By Losener, in 1895, from the Berlin water supply. 



2. By Conradi, in 1902, from a well at Pecs in Hun- 

 gary, by use of carbol gelatin plates. 



3. By Jaksch and Rau, in 1904, from the water 

 supply. of Prague, and also from the river Moldau, by 

 caffein-nutrose crystal violet agar. 



4. By Stroszner, in 1904, from a well near Budapest, 

 by the same method. 



Several other instances in which the isolated organ- 



