84 THE STRUCTURE OF THE FOWL 



open into this vessel close to the point where 

 it leaves the liver. 



cm. 



Fig. 48, — Diagram of chief Veins. 



r.j., right jugular; l.j., left jugular; r.b., right brachial; l.h., left brachial; r.p., 

 right pectoral; l.p., left pectoral; r.cr.v.c, right cranial vena cava; l.cr.v.c, left 

 cranial vena cava ; ca.v.c, caudal vena cava ; he., hepatic ; p., portal ; g-d., gastro- 

 duodenal ; c.i., common iliac; cm., cranial mesenteric; ca.m., caudal mesenteric; 

 coc-m., coccygeo-mesenteric ; f., femoral; i.i., internal iliac; r., renal; hy., hypo- 

 gastric; c, caudal. 



The arrangement of veins in the region of 

 the kidneys is somewhat complicated. A 

 comparatively small and single caudal vein is 



