xx SYNOPSIS OF THE NATURAL ORDERS. 



adnate to each calyx-lobe. Ovary 1-celled ; ovule 1, adnate to the ovary. 

 Seed erect, radicle superior ; albumen fleshy. — Parasitic shrubs ; leaves 

 quite entire, exstipulate ; flowers inconspicuous, (p. 354.) 



67. Santalaceje. Calyx 3-5-lobed, valvate in bud. Stamens one ad- 

 nate to each calyx-lobe. Ovary 1-celled ; ovules several, pendulous from 

 a free central placenta. Albumen fleshy ; radicle superior. — Shrubs or 

 herbs, often root-parasites ; leaves usually alternate, quite entire, exstipu- 

 late ; flowers inconspicuous, (p. 355.) 



63. AmsTOLOCHiACEiE. Calyx 3-lobed, or 1-2-lipped, valvate in bud. 

 Stamens 6-12, epigynous or gynandrous. Ovary 4-6-celled ; ovules many. 

 Albumen fleshy ; embryo minute. — Herbs or shrubs ; leaves alternate, 

 exstipulate. (p. 351.) 



*** Flowers 1-sexual ; males in catkins, females in spikes or catkins. 

 Perianth present or absent. 



70. Myricace^e. Flowers of both sexes in the axils of imbricating bracts ; 

 perianth 0. — Male of 2-16 stamens ; anthers basitixed, bursting outwards. 

 — Female: Ovary 1-celled ; sty!es 2, filiform ; ovule 1, basal, orthotro- 

 pous. Fruit a drupe. Albumen 0. — A glandular shrub ; leaves alternate, 

 exstipulate ; flowers very inconspicuous, (p. 364.) 



71. CuPULiFEKiE. Flowers mono-dioecious. Males in catkins. Sepals 

 or 5 or more. Stamens 5-20. — Females, sessile in an involucre of free or 

 connate bracts. Calyx superior, 5-6-toothed or 0. Ovary 2-3-celled ; 

 styles 2-3 ; cells 1-2-ovuled. Fruit 1-celled, 1-seeded, dry, indehiscent. 

 Ahumen 0. — Trees or shrubs ; leaves alternate, stipulate ; flowers small, 

 green, (p. 364.) 



72. Salicine^. Flowers dioecious, without perianth, both sexes in 

 catkins. — Male: Stamens 1 or more. — Female: Ovary 1-celled; stigmas 

 2 ; ovuh s many, parietal, anatropous. Capsule 2-valved. Albumen 0. — 

 Trees, leaves alternate, stipulate, (p. 369.) 



Sub-class II. Gymnospermous Dicotyledons. Perianth usually 

 0. Ovules not contained in close carpels, fertilized by the direct applica- 

 tion of the pollen. Embryo with often whorled cotyledons. 



74. Conifers. Perianth 0. Male flowers of 2-8-celled anthers, 

 usually forming a deciduous catkin. Female fl. of one or more naked 

 ovules (ovaries of some) on the scales of a cone or head, or of a solitary 

 ovule (Taxus). Albumen fltshy ; embryo straight. — Trees or shrubs; 

 leaves alternate opposite or fascicled ; flowers very inconspicuous, 

 (p. 379.) 



Class II. Monocotyledonous or Endogenous plants. Stem with 

 the wood forming longitudinal bundles irregularly disposed in the stem, 

 not in concentric layers, and having no denned central pith. Leaves with 

 usually parallel veins. Flowers with the organs mostly in threes or fours, 

 never in fives. Embryo with a single cotyledon ; first formed leaves alter- 

 nate ; radicle not branching, but throwing out adventitious roots. 



