22 FUMARIACE^E. [Corydalis. 



one or two oblong scales below, and a few leaves about the middle. Leaves 

 with stout petioles ; leaflets broad. Flowers 1 in. ; bracts lobed, leafy ; spur 

 longer than the rest of the corolla. Pods narrow, lauceolate ; style persis- 

 tent. Cotyledons connate. — Distbib. Europe, from Denmark southd. 



Order VI. CRUClFER.ffi. 



Herbs. Leaves radical or alternate, exstipulate. Flowers racemed. 

 Sepals 4, 2 lateral (opposite the placentas) often larger and saccate at the 

 base, imbricate in bud. Petals 4, placed, crosswise, imbricate in bud. 

 Stamens 6 (rarely 1, 2, or 4), in 2 series, hypogynous ; 2 outer opposite the 

 lateral sepals ; 4 inner longer, in pairs opposite the other sepals. Disk 

 honeyed, glands 2, 4, or 6, opposite the sepals. Ovary 2-celled by a ver- 

 tical prolongation of the placentas, or 1-celled, or with superimposed cells ; 

 style short or 0, stigma simple or 2-lobed, lobes opposite the placentas ; 

 ovules 2-seriate on 2 parietal placentas, rarely solitary and erect, amphi- 

 tropous or campylotropous, micropyle superior. Fruit a long or short 

 2-celled and 2-vulved capsule (pod) ; valves deciduous, leaving the seeds on 

 the persistent placentas (replum), rarely indehiscent, or of superposed 

 1-seeded joints. Seeds small, albumen ; cotyledons large, plano-convex 

 or longitudinally folded, foliaceous in germination, radicle turned up on 

 the back of one cotyledon (incumbent), or facing their edges (aecumbent). — 

 Distrib. All temp, and cold regions, but chiefly of the Old World ; genera 

 172 ; species 1,200. — Affinities. Between Fumariacece and Oapparidetc. 

 — Properties. All are nitrogenous and contain sulphur, are pungent, 

 stimulant, anti-scorbutic, often acrid. Seeds oily. Testa of cress and 

 others mucilaginous when moistened, owing to the swelling and bursting 

 of superficial cells. 



A. Pods elongate (much longer than broad), dehiscing throughout their length, 



Jiat or turgid, not compressed at rigid angles to the septum. (Pods sometimes 



short in Nasturtium, the tip somctii/ies indehiscent in Brassica. ISee Draba 



in B. 



Tribe I. ARABIDKiE. Seeds 1-seriate (or 2-seriate in Arabis and 



NasUirtium) ; radicle aecumbent. (Flowers white, yellow or lilac.) 



* Stigmas erect or decurrent on the style 1 . Matthiola . 



** Stigma small, simple, terminal. 



Lateral sepals saccate. Hairs forked 1*. Cheiranthus. 



Pods terete, valves turgid. Seeds minute, 2-seriate 2. Nasturtium. 



Pods 4-angled. Seeds oblong 3. Barbarta. 



Pods flat, valves not elastic 1-nerved 4. Arabis. 



Pods flat, valves elastic. Funicle filiform 5. Cardamine. 



Pods flat, valves elastic. Funicle dilated (3. Deutaria. 



Tribe II. SISYMBRIE'iE. Seeds usually 1-seriate; radicle incumbent, 

 straight, plano-convex. (Flowers white, yellow or lilac.) 



Glabrous or hairs spreading, stigma obtuse 7. Sisymbrium. 



Hairs appressed 2-3-furcate, stigma obtuse 8. Erysimum. 



Hairs spreading, stigmas decurrent on the style 8*. Hesperis. 



