44 CRUC1FERJE. [Cakile. 



25. RAPH'ANUS, L. RADISH. 



Annual or biennial herbs. Radical leaves lyrate. Flowers in long 

 racemes, white or yellow, purple-veined. Sepals erect, lateral saccate at 

 the base. Pods elongate, indehiscent, or separating into several super- 

 imposed 1-seeded joints, terete or moniliform, coriaceous or corky ; style 

 or beak of the pod slender ; stigma notched. Seeds pendulous, globose ; 

 cotyledons conduplicate or much folded. — Distrib. Europe and temp. 

 Asia ; species 6. — Etym. Rapa, the Latin name. 



1. R. Raphanis'trum, L. ; leaf-segments usually few and remote, pod 

 subulate not much constricted at the 4-8 faintly-ribbed joints, beak as 

 long as the 2 or 3 last joints. Wild Radish or White Charlock. 



Cornfields, N. to Shetland : Ireland ; Channel Islands ; ascends to 1,000 feet; 

 (a colonist, Wats.) ; fl. May-Sept. — Annual, stout, 1-2 ft., erect or spread- 

 ing, hairy or hispid. Leaves 4-10 in., coarsely toothed or serrate, terminal 

 lobe largest. Flowers f in. diam., white or straw-coloured, homogamous. 

 Pods 1-3 in., dehiscing at the base above the first segment, which is seedless 

 and very small ; beak |-| in., subulate, flattened. — Distrib. Europe (Arctic), 

 N. Africa, N. and W". Asia to India; introd. in America. 



2. R. marit'iraus, Sm. ; leaf-segments-many approximate horizontal or 

 reversed; alternate often smaller, pod deeply constricted at the 2-4 strongly 

 ribbed joints, beak slender subulate. 



Sandy and rocky shores from the Clyde southd. ; Ireland ; Channel Islands ; 

 fl. July- Aug. — Yery near R. Raphanis'trum, and perhaps the wild form of 

 that plant, but biennial, more hispid, leaves with more numerous and closer 

 set lobes ; flowers smaller, darker yellow, rarely white ; pod with fewer 

 joints, deeper intervals between these, stronger ribs, and a beak as long as 

 the upper joint. — Distrib. W. Europe, from Holland to Spain. 



Order VII. reseda CEiE. 



Annual or perennial herbs, rarely shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple or 

 pinnatisect ; stipules 0, or minute and glandular. Flowers racemed or 

 spiked, bracteate. Calyx persistent, 4-7-partite, often irregular, imbricate 

 in bud. Petals 4-7, hypogynous, entire or lobed, equal or the posticous 

 larger, open in bud. Disk hypogynous, conspicuous. Stamens usually 

 many, inserted on the disk, equal or unequal, free or connate. Ovary of 2- 6 

 connate carpels, lobed at the top, open between the stigmatiferous lobes ; 

 ovules usually many, on 2-6 parietal placentas, amphitropous or campylo- 

 tropous. Fruit usually a coriaceous capsule, open at the top. Seeds many, 

 reniform, exalbuminous ; embryo curved or folded, radicle incumbent. 

 — Distrib. Europe, W. Asia, N. and S. Africa ; genera 6 ; species 20. 

 — Affinities. Closely allied to Capparideoz. — Properties, unimportant. 



