48 VIOL ACE JE. [Viola. 



2. V. odora'ta, L. ; slightly hairy or downy, runners very long, leaves 

 broadly cordate, spur nearly straight, style hooked, stigma oblique, 

 fruiting peduncle decurved. Sweet Violet. 



Banks and copses, wild in. E. and S. England ; and perhaps E. Ireland ; natural- 

 ized as far N. as Forfar; Channel Islands ; fl. March-May. — Rootstock short, 

 scarred. Leaves deeply cordate at the base, sinus closed ; stipules glandular ; 

 petiole with deflexed hairs. Bracts at or about the middle of the peduncle. 

 Flowers fragrant, blue, white, or red-purple ; lateral petals with or without 

 a tuft of hairs ; spur short, obtuse. Anther-spurs linear-oblong. Capsule 

 pubescent ; peduncle recurved.— Distrib. Europe, N. Africa, N. and W. 

 Asia to the Himalaya. The following are probably hybrids with V. hir'ta. 



V. permix'ta, Jord. ; runners not rooting, flowers pale scentless. — V. sepin'cola, 

 Jord. ; more hairy, runners rooting, flowers dark scentless. 



3. V. hir'ta, L. ; pubescent, rootstock very short, runners short or 0, 

 leaves subtriangular-cordate, spur hooked, style hooked, stigma oblique. 

 Dry soils, local, from Forfar southd. ; ascends to J ,000 ft. in Yorks. ; Ireland ; 



fl. April-June. — Very near V. odora'ta, but more tufted and hairy, leaves 

 narrower and more triangular, with deeper crenatures and shallower sinus ; 

 hairs of petiole more spreading ; bracts lower on the peduncle ; spur long 

 and hooked ; flowers inodorous or faintly scented ; anther spurs lanceolate. 

 — Distrib. Europe, N. and W. Asia to N.W. India. 

 V. calca'rea, Bab. : is a dwarf starved form with petals narrower. Gog- 

 magog Hills and Portland. 



** Stem evident. Leaves not enlarging after flowering. Sepals acute or acuminate. 



4. V. cani'na, L. ; glabrous, main stem elongate and flowering, leaves 

 ovate-cordate or oblong-lanceolate, stipules small narrow toothed and 

 ciliate, fruiting peduncle erect. Dog-violet. 



Pastures and banks from Caithness southd.; Ireland; Channel Islands; fl. 

 April-Aug. — Very variable in size, habit, and colour of flower, glabrous or 

 nearly so. Leaves long-petioled, crenate-serrate, from § in., broadly ovate 

 deeply cordate, to oblong-lanceolate and 3 in. Bracts at or above the 

 middle of the peduncle, subulate or lanceolate, toothed or serrate. Flower 

 ^-1J in. diam., blue, lilac, grey or white. Sepals narrow, acuminate. Stifle 

 clavate, hooked ; stigma oblique. Cavsule oblong, 3-gonous. — Distrib. 

 Europe (Arctic), N. and W. Asia to the Himalaya, N. Africa, N. America. 



V. cani'na proper ; rootstock short, runners 0, leaves narrow ovate-cordate, 

 spur obtuse, anther-spurs 5 times as long as broad. V. flavicor'ms, Sm. 

 V. pu'mila, Hook and Arn. 



Sub-sp. V. lac'tea, Sm. ; very slender, rootstock short, runners 0, leaves 

 ovate-lanceolate, base rounded or cuneate, petals narrow grey, spur very 

 short, capsule subglobose. — Heaths, York to Cornwall, "W. Europe. 



Sub-sp. V. perstc^efo'lia, Roth ; rootstock long with runners, leaves oblong- 

 lanceolate base truncate, upper narrower, petals pale lilac or white, spur 

 very short, capsule 3-gonous. V. stagnina, Kit. — Bogs, E. of England, Galway ; 

 extends to Siberia. 



5. V. sylvat'ica, Fries ; glabrous, flowers on axillary branches from a 

 radical rosette, leaves broadly ovate-cordate, stipules lanceolate acute 



