116 ROSACEA. [Spiraea. 



5 or more, few-seeded. — Distrib. Temp, and cold regions of the N. 

 hemisphere ; species 50. — Etym. doubtful. 



1. S. Ulma'ria, L. ; herbaceous, leafy, leaves interruptedly pinnate 

 serrate white and downy beneath, terminal segments large acutely lobed, 

 cymes corymbose very compound, carpels glabrous twisted 2-ovuled. 

 Meadow-sweet, Queen of the Meadows. 



Meadows and water-sides, N. to Shetlands ; ascends to 2,700 ft. in the High- 

 lands ; Ireland; Channel Islands; fl. June- Aug. — Rootstock short. Stems 

 2-4 ft., erect, furrowed. Radical leaves 1-2 ft. ; terminal leaflets 1-3 in. ; 

 lateral entire, alternate very small ; stipules leafy, |-ovate, toothed. Cymes 

 2-6 in. diam., pubescent. Flowers J-J in. diam., white, proterandrous, not 

 honeyed. Calyx-lobes reflexed. Carpels 5-9, twisted together into an 

 almost horizontal plane. — Distrib. Europe (Arctic), Asia Minor, N. Asia. 



2. S. Filipen'dula, L. ; herbaceous, leaves interruptedly pinnate gla- 

 brous, leaflets sessile deeply cut serrate, cymes panicled, carpels pubescent 

 straight 2-ovuled. Dropwort. 



Dry pastures, from Caithness southd. ; ascends to 1,200 ft. in Yorkshire ; "W. 

 Ireland; fl. June-July — Rootstock short; root-fibres interruptedly tuberous. 

 Stem 2-3 ft., erect, grooved, with few small leaves. Leaves 4-10 in., 

 chiefly radical; leaflets §-| in., very many, almost pinnatifid, sessile by a 

 broad base, alternate very small, terminal 3-lobed; stipules of cauline leaves 

 toothed. Cymes loose ; peduncles slender. Flowers J-J in. diam., white or 

 rosy outside, homogamous, not honeyed. Calyx-lobes obtuse. Carpels 6-12, 

 erect. — Distrib. Europe, N. Africa, N. Asia. 



S. salicifo'lia, L. ; shrubby, leaves oblong- lanceolate serrate glabrous, 

 stipules 0, cymes terminal racemose, carpels glabrous many-ovuled. 

 Plantations, not indigenous ; fl. July- Aug. — Stems 3-5 ft., stoloniferous. 



Leaves 2-3 in., equally or unequally serrate. Cymes dense, subcylindric. 



Flmcers rosy or pink. Carpels 5.— Distrib. Europe (Arctic), N. Asia, N. 



America. 



3. RUBUS, L. Bramble, Raspberry, &c. 



Creeping herbs or sarmentose shrubs, almost always prickly. Leaves 

 alternate, simple or compound ; stipules adnate to the petiole. Flowers in 

 terminal and axillary corymbose panicles, rarely solitaiy, white or red. 

 Calyx inferior, tube broad ; lobes 5, persistent. Petals 5. Stamens many. 

 Disk coating the calyx- tube. Carpels many, distinct, on a convex recep- 

 tacle ; style subterminal ; ovules 2, collateral, pendulous. Drupes many, 

 1-seeded, crowded upon a dry or spongy conical receptacle. Seed pendu- 

 lous. — Distrib. Abundant in the N. hemisphere, few in the Southern ; 

 species 100. — Etym. The old Latin name. 



* Stem herbaceous or nearly so. 



1. R. Chamsemo'rus, L. ; stem erect unarmed 1-flowered, leaves few 

 suborbicular-cordate obtusely 5-7-lobed, flowers dioecious. Cloudberry. 



