118 ROSACEA. [Rubus. 



For the following arrangement of the British forms of E. frutico'sus I am 

 indebted to Mr. J. G. Baker. 



a Stems with scattered uniform prickles, quite glabrous, i.e. without bristles 

 or gland-tipped hairs. 



ub-sp. R. suberec'tus, Anders. ; barren shoots suberect, tips not rooting, 

 leaflets large membranous bright green glabroi:;> or slightly hairy beneath, 

 sepals green with distinct white edges, drupes numerous claret-coloured or 

 black. E. umbro'sus, Lees. E. fastigia'tus, W. and N. — Copses, England, 

 Scotland, and Ireland, especially in the north. One of the best-marked 

 forms. — E. plica'tus, W. and N., has larger and more hooked prickles. E. 

 fis'sus, Lind)., has copious small prickles, leaflets more hairy beneath, sepals 

 sometimes appressed to the fruit. E. affi'nis,W. and N. (lentigino'sus, Lees, 

 a form), is a connecting link with sub-sp. rhamnifo'lius. Var. E. hemi- 

 ste'mon, Mull. ; has subracemose inflorescence, very hairy rachis and calyx 

 appressed to the fruit. 



Sub-sp. R. rhamnifo'lius, W. and JV. ; barren stem arched angular tips 

 rooting not glaucous, leaflets often large cordate and reflexed more finely 

 toothed than in the two following, sometimes white and tomentose beneath, 

 sepals not distinctly white edged, fruit large black juicy. — From Mid. Scot- 

 land, southd. ; Ireland. — E. cordifolius,W. and N., has leaflets larger, rounder, 

 more coarsely toothed, terminal more cordate. — E. incurva'tus, Bab., differs 

 in the broad basal prickles, leaflets more sharply toothed with incurved 

 waved margins, more hairy beneath, and more densely hairy white calyx. — 

 E. imbrica'tus, Hort, is intermediate between corylifo'lius and cordifu'lius ; 

 E. Grabow'skii,Weih(i, and E. Coleman'ni, Bloxam,are intermediate between 

 this sub-sp. and Kceh'leri. E. macrophyllus var. glabra'ta, Bab., belongs here. 

 E. ramo'sus, Blox., has fewer prickles, broadly ovate convex shining leaflets 

 that do not overlap, a larger laxer panicle and pink petals. 



Sub-sp. R. Lindleia'nus, Lees; barren stems arching glabrous, leaflets not 

 imbricate terminal obovate or oblong cuspidate, panicle very open compound 

 with patent hairy corymbose branches and many deflexed unequal prickles. 

 E. nitidus, Bell Salter, not W. and N. — Common in Britain, unknown on 

 the Continent. 



Sub-sp. R. coRTLiFo'Lirs, Sm. ; barren stem between arched and prostrate not 

 glaucous tip rooting, leaflets 5 membranous hazel-like imbricate, sepals 

 densely tomentose all over the back, drupes few large. E. sublus'tris, Lees, 

 E. purpu'reus, Bab. — From the Clyde southd. — The type has terete stems and 

 many small slender prickles. — E. Balfouria'nus, Blox., and althaifo'lius, Bab., 

 not Host, have sepals appressed to the fruit ; the former approaches ca'sius by 

 its corymbose inflorescence. E. latifo'lius, Bab., is a rare form intermediate 

 between this sub-sp. and the last. E. Wahlber'gii, Arrh. (conjun'gens, Bab.), 

 is a form with more angular barren stems and larger prickles. 



Sub-sp. R. c^e'sius, L. ; stem prostrate glaucous, prickles more unequal 

 setaceous, leaflets usually 3 green on both surfaces, sepals appressed, densely 

 tomentose all over the back, drupes few large glaucous. — Hedges and 

 thickets from Perth southd. ; ascends to near 1,000 ft. in Yorkshire ; Ireland. 

 — Dewberry. — Often a well-marked form from its glaucous character. E. 

 ten'uis, Bell Salter, ulmifo'lius, interme'dius, and his'pidi's are indistinguish- 

 able forms ; E. pseudo-iclce'us, Lej., is probably a hybrid with E. Ida'us. 



