122 ROSACEA. [Diiyas. 



Stony, chiefly limestone and mountain districts, local, from Carnarvon and 

 Stafford to Orkney, ascends to 2,700 ft. ; descending to sea-level in N. and 

 W. Ireland ; fl. June-July. — Stem tortuous, much branched. Leaves |-1 in., 

 crowded, obtuse, hoary beneath, shining above, margins reflexed, midrib 

 hairy and scurfy ; scape 1-3 in., glandular and hairy, longer in fruit. 

 Flowers 1-lgin. diam., white. Sepals about 8, woolly and with black 

 glandular hairs, obtuse or subacute. Petals oblong. Achenes hispid ; awn 

 1-2 in. — Distrib. of the genus. 



5. GEUM, L. AVENS. 



Erect perennial herbs. Radical leaves crowded, pinnate ; terminal 

 leaflet very large ; stipules adnate to the petiole. Flmvers solitary or 

 corymbose, white yellow or red, honeyed. Calyx inferior, persistent, with 

 5 bracteoles above its base ; lobes 5, imbricate or valvate in bud. Petals 

 5. Stamens crowded. Disk smooth or grooved. Carpels many, recep- 

 tacle short or long ; styles filiform, straight or bent ; ovule 1, ascending. 

 Achcius many, on a dry receptacle, ending in filiform straight or bent 

 styles which are often hooked at the tip. — Distrib. N. and S. temp, 

 and cold regions ; species 30. — Etym. yevu, from the aromatic roots. 



1. G. urba'num, L. ; flowers erect, head of achenes sessile, awn with 

 a short glabrous hook at the tip, calyx -lobes reflexed in fruit. 



Borders of copses, hedgebanks, &c, from Caithness southd., ascends to near 

 1,700 ft. in the Lake district; Ireland; Channel Islands; fl. June- Aug. — 

 Softly hairy. Stem 1-3 ft. Radical leaves long-petioled, interruptedly pin- 

 nate ; terminal leaflet 2-3 in. broad, suborbicular, obscurely lobed, crenate ; 

 lateral ^— § in., oblong, sessile ; cauline leaves variable; stipules foliaceous, 

 lobed and toothed. Flowers \-\ in. diam., yellow, proterogynous ; peduncle 

 slender. Petals obovate, spreading, as long as the acute calyx-lobes. 

 Achenes hispid, spreading ; awn | in. ; receptacle hispid. — Distrib. Europe 

 (Arctic), N. Africa, N. and W. Asia, Himalaya, N. America. 



2. G. riva'le, L. ; flowers drooping, head of achenes stalked, awn 

 jointed and hairy beyond the middle, calyx-lobes appressed in fruit. 



By streams, in copses, &c, from Devon and Sussex to Orkney ; ascends to 

 2,800 ft. in the Highlands; Ireland; fl. May-July.— Stem 1-1^ ft,, lower 

 part with soft reflexed hairs, very pubescent above. Leaves very variable, 

 much as in G. urba'num, but the segments are often numerous, the lateral 

 larger, and all more toothed; stipules small. Flowers 1-1| in. diam.. 

 proterogynous, sometimes submonoecious. Calyx-segments red-brown, 

 acuminate, pubescent. Petals yellow, obcordate. Achenes more or less 

 hispid. — Distrib. Europe (Arctic), N. and W. Asia, N. and S. America, 

 Australasia. 



G. intermedium, Ehrh., is a hybrid; flowers sometimes erect, petals of G. 

 urba'num but deeper coloured, calyx intermediate, not reflexed in fruit, 

 fruit usually sessile. — Damp woods, not uncommon (often with riva'le, 

 seldom with urba'num, Syme). Bell Salter produced this hybrid artificially, 

 and it proved fertile. 



