Daucus.] UMBELLIFER^E. 185 



white, central purplish. Fruit § in., broadly oblong ; styles short, stout, 



straight. — Distrib. Europe, N. Africa, 1ST. and W. Asia to India ; introd. in 



N. America. 

 D. Caro'ta proper ; erect, branches above spreading, leaf -segments narrow 



subdistant, umbels concave, spines of the fruit distinct usually hooked at 



the tip. — Common N. to Shetland. 

 Sub-sp. D. gum'mifer, Lamk. ; branches spreading from the base, leaf -segments 



broader closer, umbels convex, spines of fruit dilated and connate at the 



base. D. marit'imus, "With. — Shores from Wigton southd. ; Ireland 



Channel Islands. 



35. CAU'CALIS, L. 



Annual, hispid herbs. Leaves 1-3-pinnate. Umbels simple or compound, 

 terminal or leaf-opposed, usually of few rays, sometimes capitate ; bracts 

 few or ; bracteoles more numerous ; flowers white or purplish, polygam- 

 ous, outer often rayed. Calyx-teeth acute or 0. Petals often unequal, the 

 larger notched, point inflexed. Disk-lobes thick, conical. Fruit ovoid or 

 oblong, commissure constricted, carpophore undivided or 2-fid ; carpels 

 subterete, ridges with 1 or 2 series of spines ; vittse solitary in each 

 secondary ridge. Seed deeply grooved ventrally. — Distbjb. Europe, N. 

 Africa, temp. Asia ; species 18. — Etym. The old Greek name. 



Section 1. Cau'calis proper. Secondary ridges very prominent, with 

 1 row of spreading spines. Bur-Parsley. 



1. C. daucoi'des, L. ; leaves 2-3-pinnate, segments oblong pinnatifid. 

 Chalky fields on the E. and S. coasts, from Durham to Kent and Somerset ; 



Channel Islands; (a colonist, Wats.); fl. July. — Stem 6-18 in., erect, 

 nodes hispid, angular, grooved, solid ; branches spreading. Leaves 3-4 in., 

 segments small. Umbel-rays 2-5 ; bracts few or ; bracteoles linear. Male 

 Jlowers (outer) white or pink, pedicelled, female subsessile. Fruit §-§ in., 

 oblong ; spines hooked, of the secondary ridges longest ; styles short, 

 stout, erect. — Distrib. From Denmark southd , N. Africa, "VV. Asia, 

 Himalaya. 



Section 2. Turge'nia, Hoffm. (gen.). Secondary ridges with 2-3 rows 

 of spreading spines. 



C. latifo'lia, L. ; leaves pinnate, leaflets few subpinnatifid. 

 Cornfields, very rare, Cambridge to Gloster, Herts, S. "Wales, Somerset ; fl. 

 July. — Hispid. Stem 6-18 in., simple, terete, striate, fistular. Leaflets 

 narrow-oblong, lobes f-f in. Umbel-rays 2-4, stout ; bracts broadly lanceo- 

 late, membranous. Flowers much as in C. daucoi'des, pink. Fruit |-J in ., 

 broad ; spines long, nearly equal, rough ; styles short, stout, erect. — 

 Disteib. From Belgium southd., N. and W. Asia, Himalaya. 



Section 3. Tori'lis, L. (gen.). Fruit covered between the primary 

 ridges with spreading or appressed bristles. Hedge Parsley. 



2. C. Anthris'cus, Huds. ; leaves 1-3-pinnate, leaflets broad, umbels 

 terminal compound, bracts 4-6, spines of fruit incurved not hooked. 



