Hedera.] AllALIAGEuE, 187 



cells with a parcliment-like endocarp closely investing the ovoid seed. 

 Albumen lobulate. — Distrib. Temp, regions of the Old World ; species 

 2. — Etym. unknown. 



H. He'lix, L. ; shrubby, climbing by adhesive rootlets. 

 Rocks, woods, and walls ; ascends to 1,500 ft. in Yorkshire ; Ireland ; Channel 

 Islands; fl. Oct.-Nov.— Trunk 4-10 in. diam., trailing and flowerless, or 

 ascending and flowering at the terminal free branches. Leaves very vari- 

 able, 1-3 in. broad, cordate ; lobes 5, deep or shallow, acute or obtuse ; those 

 of flowering branches ovate or lanceolate. Umbels subracemose, subglobose, 

 clothed with stellate hairs; bracts small, concave; peduncles §-1 in. 

 Flowers yellow-green, J in. diam., proterandrous ; calyx-teeth deltoid ; 

 petals triangular ovate. Berry black, rarely yellow, globose, \ in. diam. — 

 Distrib. Europe, N. Africa, "W. Asia to the Himalaya and Japan. — The 

 small sylvestral form, with longer leaf-lobes and often pale nerves, never 

 flowers. The so-called Irish Ivy (H. canarien'sis, Willd.), with broad 

 rather fleshy leaves and 8-rayed stellate hairs, is a doubtful native of 

 Ireland. — Var. Hodgen'sii, another doubtful native Irish form, has deeply 

 5-7-lobed leaves and 12-15 rayed scale-like hairs. 



Order XXXVI. CORNA'CEiE. 



Shrubs or trees,, rarely herbs. Leaves opposite or alternate, exstipulate. 

 Flowers small, regular, in terminal or axillary cymes umbels or heads, 

 sometimes involucrate. Calyx-limb superior, small or 0, open or valvate 

 in bud. Petals 4-5, at the base of the disk, valvate or imbricate in bud. 

 Stamens 4-5, inserted with the petals, free ; anthers adnate or versatile. 

 Dish epigynous, annular. Ovary 1-4-celled ; style 1, stigma simple or 

 lobed ; ovules solitary in each cell, pendulous, anatropous ; integuments 

 confluent with the nucleus. Drupe with a 1-4-celled stone, or 1-4 stones. 

 Seed oblong, testa membranous, albumen copious fleshy ; embryo minute 

 or elongate. — Distrib. Chiefly N. temp, regions; genera 12; species 

 76. — Affinities. Close to Caprifoliacece and Araliacece. — Properties 

 unimportant. 



l. COR'nus, L. Cornel, Dogwood. 



Herbs, trees, or shrubs. Learns opposite, rarely alternate. Floivers 

 small, in dichotomous cymes or involucrate umbels or heads, white or 

 yellow, honeyed. Calyx-teeth 4, minute. Petals 4, valvate in bud. 

 Stamens 4. Disk tumid or obsolete. Ovary 2-celled ; stigma capitate or 

 truncate. Drupe ovoid or oblong, areolate at the top, stone 2-celled. 

 Cotyledons foliaceous. — Distrib. N. temp, and subtrop. regions; species 

 25. — Etym. cornu, from the horny hardness of the wood. 



1. C. sanguin'ea, L. ; shrubby, cymes corymbose ebracteate. Dogivoood, 

 Dogberry, Prickivood. 



