m RUBIACEA?. [Galium. 



Dry rocky hills and pastures, local from Orkney and Forfar to Somerset and 

 Dorset; absent from "W". Scotland, Wales, and E. England; ascends to 

 2,400 ft. in Yorkshire ; Ireland ; fl. July- Aug. — Yery similar to G. saxatile, 

 but less tufted, more erect and rigid ; leaves narrower, stiffer, awned. — 

 Distrib. Mid. and W. Europe, Iceland to Spain and Servia. 



G. sylvestre proper (G. montanum, Yill. ; G. pusillum, Sm. not L.) ; stem strict 

 glabrous acutely 4-gonous, leaves suddenly acuminate, margins slightly 

 revolute, cymes lax-fid. — Yar. G. nitid'ulum, Tbuill. (G. commutatum, JSa,b. 

 not Jord.) ; stem glabrous or hairy below obtusely 4-gonous, leaves narrower, 

 margin strongly revolute, cymes rather compact. 



7. G. Mollu'go, L. ; stem flaccid glabrous or hairy, leaves 6-8 in a 

 whorl, cymes horizontal, corolla-lobes with slender tips. 



Hedges and copses, from Perth and Lanark southd. ; ascends to 1,000 ft. in 

 Yorkshire ; Ireland, very rare ; Channel Islands ; fl. July- Aug. — Pale when 

 dry. Stem 1-4 ft., erect or decumbent, angles hairy or scabrid. Leans 

 variable, margins with erect or reversed bristles. Cymes large, panicled, 

 many-fld. Fruit Jy in. diam., black, shagreened. — Distrib. Europe 

 (Arctic), N. Asia, Himalaya, N. Africa. 



G. Mollu'g oproper (G. ela'tum, Thuill., G. sca'brum, "With., G. insu'bricttm, 

 Gaud.) ; decumbent, branches divaricate, leaves obovate-lanceolate, cymes 

 with spreading branches. — Yar. Bake'ri, Syme, has linear leaves and few- 

 fid, cymes. 



Sub-sp. G. erec'tum, Htids. (G. aristatum, Sm. not L.) ; suberect, leaves linear 

 or lanceolate, cyme with slender ascending branches. — York to Kent and 

 Dorset; Ireland; Channel Islands. 



*** Perennial. Floicers white. Fruit hispid with hooked hairs. 



8. G. borea'le, L. ; stem erect, leaves 4 in a whorl lanceolate, cymes 

 axillary and terminal many-fld. 



Moist rocks in mountain districts, from York and Brecon N. to Shetland ; 



ascends to 2,800 ft. in the Highlands ; Ireland ; fl. June- Aug. — Glabrous or 



pubescent ; blackish when dry. Eootstock creeping. Stems 1-2 ft., tufted, 

 . rigid, sparingly branched above. Leaves §-l| in., 3-nerved. Cymes panicled ; 



branches suberect ; bracts ovate. Flowers § in. diam. Fruit t 2 in. diam. 



—Distrib. N. and Mid. Europe (Arctic), N. Asia, Himalaya, N. America. 



**** Annual. Flowers white or greenish. Fruit often large, usually hisjnd or 

 tubercled. Angles of stem and margins of leaves prickly. 



9. G. Apari'ne, L. ; leaves 6-8 in a whorl, cymes axillary 3-9-flowered, 

 pedicels divaricate, fruit large, usually hispid. Goose-grass, Cleavers. 

 Hedges and waste places, N. to Shetland; ascends to 1,200 ft. in Yorkshire ; 



Ireland ; Channel Islands ; fl. June-July. — Stem 1-5 ft., weak, straggling. 



often forming matted masses, very rough. Leaves h-2 in., narrow-lanceolate, 



usually hispid all over. Fruit purplish. — Distrib. Europe (Arctic), N. 



Africa, N. and W. Asia to India, temp. N. and S. America. 

 G. Apari'ne proper ; cymes usually 3-flowered, flowers white, fruit tubercled, 



tubercles crowned by hooked bristles. 

 Sub-sp. G. Yaillan'tii, DC ; cymes 3-9-flowered, flowers very minute 



greenish, fruit hispid with hooked bristles. — Saffron Walden, in fields. 



