Valeriana.] VALERIANEjE. 197 



2. V. officinalis, L. ; leaves all pinnate, flowers homomorphous. Oat's 



Valerian, All-heal. 



Wet meadows and banks of streams, N. to Orkney ; ascends to near 2,500 ft. 

 in the Lake district ; Ireland ; Channel Islands ; fl. June-Aug.— Glabrous 

 or hairy below, foetid. Rootstock short, stoloniferous. Leaves, radical, long- 

 petioled, soon withering; cauline 2-5 in., sessile ; leaflets |-2in., lanceolate, 

 entire or serrate. Cymes terminal and axillary, corymbose. Flowers 

 proterandrous. Corolla J in., pale pink. Fruit small, narrow, ovoid. — 

 Distrib. Europe (Arctic), N. and W. Asia, Himalaya.— Rootstock an 

 antispasmodic. 



V. officinalis proper (V. Mika'ni, Wats.) ; leaflets 6-10 pairs, toothed on one 

 side— Var. V. sambucifo'lia, Mikan ; leaflets, 4-6 pairs, toothed all round. 

 Very local. 



V. pyrena'ica, L. ; leaves very large cordate deeply toothed. 

 Naturalized in plantations ; fl. June-July. — A large coarse herb. Stem 2-4 ft. 

 Leaves often a foot in diam., upper with a few basal leaflets. Flowers much 

 as in V. officinalis. — Distrib. S. France, Spain. 



l*. CENTRAN'THUS, DC. Spur- Valerian. 



Perennial, glabrous, leafy herbs. Flowers in terminal unilateral panicled 

 cymes, bracteolate, red or white, proterandrous. Calyx-limb annular, 

 crenulate, developing into a feathery deciduous pappus. Corolla-tube 

 compressed, elongate, with a longitudinal septum, spurred at the base ; 

 lobes 5, unequal. Stamen 1. Stigma capitate. Fruit membranous, 

 1-celled, 1-seeded. — Distrib. Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia ; species about 

 10. — Etym. icevTpov and &vdos, from the spurred corolla. 



C. ru'ber, DC. ; lower leaves lanceolate, upper triangular ovate. 

 Old walls and chalk-pits, naturalized, S. England ; Ireland ; rarer northd. ; fl. 

 June-Sept. — Stem woody below; branches 2-3 ft., erect, terete, fistular. 

 Leaves 2-4 in., thick ; lower 2-3 in., petioled, lanceolate or oblanceolate ; 

 upper sessile, entire or base toothed. Cymes long ; flowers dense, secund. 

 Corolla § in., red or white ; spur slender. Fruit ^ in., rough, narrow ovoid,, 

 compressed. — Distrib. Mid. and S. Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia. 



2. VALERIANEL'LA, Tourncf. 



Small annuals, dichotomously branched. Flowers solitary or cymose in 

 the forks of the branches, small, bracteate. Calyx-limb toothed lobed or 

 0. Corolla funnel-shaped, regular, not spurred ; lobes 5, obtuse. Stamens 

 3. Stigma simple or 3-fid. Fruit compressed, unequal-sided, grooved, 

 spuriously 2-3-celled,t\l -seeded. — Distrib. Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia, 

 N. America ; species about 50. — Etym. Diminutive of Valeriana. 



1. V. olito'ria, Moznch ; cymes capitate, bracts leafy toothed, fertile 

 cell of fruit corky on the back, empty ones contiguous or confluent, calyx- 

 limb 0. Valeriana Lomsta, L. in part. Lamb's Lettuce. 

 Cornfields and hedgebanks, N. to Shetland; Ireland; Channel Islands; 



(native? Wats.) ; fl. April-June.— Glabrous, flaccid, brittle, 6-12 in. Leaves 



