198 VALERIANE.E. [Valerianella. 



1-3 in., linear-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, quite entire or toothed, cauline 

 f-amplexicaul. Flowers minute, pale lilac; bracts linear, ciliate. Fruit 

 minute, glabrous or hairy. — Distrib. Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia ; introd. 

 into N. America. — An excellent salad. 



V« carina'ta, Loiscl. ; cymes capitate, fruit oblong boat-shaped, fertile 

 cell not corky, empty cells contiguous inflated, calyx-limb indistinct. 

 Com Salad. 

 Cultivated ground, &c. ; naturalized ; from Yorkshire southd. ; Co. Down ; 



Channel Islands ; fl. April-June. — Probably a variety of F. olitoria, which 



it resembles in all characters, save those of the fruit given above. — Distrib. 



Prom Holland southd., N. Africa, W. Asia. 



2. V. Auric'ula, DC. ; cymes lax, fruit broadly ovoid turgid narrowly 

 grooved in front,- fertile cell not corky, empty cells contiguous inflated, 

 calyx with one large unilateral lobe. V. rimo'sa, Bast, (oldest name); V. 

 denta'ta, DC. F. tridenta'ta, Reichb. not Stev. 



Cornfields, rare, from Pife southd.; Ireland; Channel Islands; (a colonist, 

 Wats.) ; fl. June— Aug. — Very similar in size, habit, and foliage to F. olitoria, 

 but more slender.— Distrib. From Holland southd., W. Asia. 



3. V. denta'ta, Poll. ; cymes lax, fruit narrow-ovoid slightly compressed, 

 fertile cell not corky, empty cells remote slender on one side of the fruit, 

 calyx small oblique 3-4-toothed. V. Morisonii, DC. 



Cornfields, &c, from Moray and Lanark southd. ; Ireland ; Channel Islands ; 

 (a colonist, Wats.)', fl. June-Aug. — Habit, &c, of V. Auric'ida. Flowers 

 flesh-coloured Fruit glabrous, or hispid (V. mix'ta, Dufr.). — Distrib. 

 From Gothland southd., N. Africa, N.W. India. 



4. V. eriocar'pa, Desv..; cymes crowded, fruit ovoid, hairy or glabrous, 

 fertile cell not corky, empty cells remote slender, calyx large campanulate 

 obliquely truncate reticulate toothed. 



Fields, "Worcester, Dorset, Cornwall; fl. June-July. — Habit of V. dentata, 

 differing chiefly in the calyx. — Distrib. From Belgium southd., Canaries. 



Order XL. DIPSACE2E. 



Perennial or biennial herbs. Leaves opposite, rarely whorled, exstipu- 

 late. Flowers small, capitate ; outer bracts involucriform ; inner or 

 beneath the flowers ; floral bracts forming an involucel embracing the 

 calyx-tube. Calyx-limb superior, cup-shaped, entire lobed or ciliate. 

 Corolla funnel-shaped or cylindric, often curved ; lobes 4-5, obtuse, im- 

 bricate in bud, the larger or anterior overlapping. Stamens 4, inserted on 

 the corolla- tube ; filaments filiform, often unequal, incurved in bud ; 

 anthers exserted, versatile. Ovary 1-celled ; style filiform, stigma 

 oblique or notched, ovule solitary, pendulous from the top of the cell, 

 anatropous. Fruit indehiscent, enclosed in the. involucel, often crowned 

 by the calyx-limb. Seed pendulous, testa membranous, albumen fleshy ; 



