Eupatorium.] • COMPOSITE. 203 



Series 2. LIGULIFLO'RiE. Flowers all ligulate. Juice milky. 



Tuibe VIII. CICHORIA'CEiE. Leaves alternate. Style cylindric, pubescent 

 above ; arms linear, J-terete, obtuse, pubescent at the back ; stigmatic 

 lines not confluent. 



1. Pappus of small scales or 0. 



Pappus of scales. Flowers blue 31. Cichoriurn. 



Fruit obpyramidal crowned with a ring ; pappus 32. Arnoseris, 



Fruit obtuse. Pappus 33. Lapsana. 



2. Fruit contracted at both ends. Leafy herbs without wool or stellate hairs. 



Pappus simple or feathery. 



Pappus-hairs feathery , .34. Picris. 



Pappus-hairs simple 35. Crepis. 



3. Fruit truncate; pappus-hairs rough, brown. Scapigerous or leafy herbs 



with stellate hairs..... 36. Hieraciurn. 



4. Fruit contracted below, beaked above; pap>pus-hairs simple or feathery. 



Scapigerous herbs. 



Receptacle paleaceous. Pappus-hairs feathery 37. Hypochseris. 



Receptacle naked. Pappus-hairs feathery 38. Leontodon. 



Receptacle naked. Pappus-hairs simple 39. Taraxacum. 



5. Fruit usually narrowed below and beaked above ; pappus-hairs copious, 



simple. Leafy glabrous or hispid herbs. 



Fruit more or less beaked, ribs smooth 40. Lactuca. 



Fruit not beaked, ribs rough or smooth 41. Sonchus. 



6. Fruit slender, curved, beak long ; pappus-hairs feathery below, tips naked. 



Jnvol. -bracts connate below 42. Tragopogon. 



1. EUPATOR'IUM, L. Hemp Agrimony. 



Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves usually opposite. Heads few-fld., white 

 or purplish, in terminal corymbs ; invol. bracts imbricate, 2-3-seriate ; 

 receptacle flat, naked. Flowers all tubular, 2-sexual, 5-fid. Anther- 

 cells without tails. Style-arms long, exserted, cylindric, obtuse, grooved 

 in front, pubescent all over. Fruit angular or striate ; pappus-hairs 

 1-seriate, hairy or scabrous. — Distrib. Chiefly American, rarer in the 

 Old World ; species about 400. — Etym. The classical name. 



E. cannabi num, L. ; leaves 3-5-foliolate, leaflets lanceolate serrate. 

 River banks and moist places from Sutherland southd., uncommon in Scot- 

 land ; Ireland ; Channel Islands ; fl. July-Sept. — Pubescent, perennial, 

 woody below. Stem 2-4 ft., subsimple, terete ; branches short. Leaves 

 opposite , radical petioled, oblanceolate ; cauline subsessile ; leaflets 2-4 in. 

 Heads in dense terminal 5-6-fld. corymbs, whitish or pale purple; invol. 

 bracts about 10, \ in., scarious, linear-oblong, obtuse, outer shorter. Flowers 

 5-6, longer than the involucre. Pappus white, scabrous. Fruit angled, and 

 corollas covered with resinous points. — Distrib. Europe, N. and W. Asia, 

 Himalaya, N. Africa. — Leaves reputed tonic, 



