Inula.] COMPOSITE. 207 



1| in. diam. ; invol. bracts linear-oblong, ciliate, outer leafy reflexed ; 

 ligules slender. Pappus dirty white. — Disteib. Europe, N. and W. Asia. 



4. I. Hele'nium, L. ; tall, stout, downy, leaves large toothed, heads 

 very large, invol. bracts leafy, fruit 4-angled glabrous. Elecampane. 

 Copses and meadows, from Ross southd. and in Ireland, local, and usually natu- 

 ralized ; wild in Yorkshire (Baker) ; Channel Islands; fl. July- Aug. — Boot- 

 stock large, succulent. Stem 2-5 ft., very stout, branched. Leaves velvety 

 beneath ; radical 1-lf ft., oblong-lanceolate, long petioled ; cauline sessile, 

 auricled, ovate-cordate, acute. Heads 3 in. diam. ; peduncle long, stout, 

 naked ; invol. bracts broadly ovate, velvety ; ligules long, slender. Pappus 

 pale reddish.— Disteib. From Gothland southd., Siberia ; (doubtful if 

 native W. of Russia) ; introd. in N. America. — Formerly cultivated as an 

 aromatic and tonic ; rootstock still used candied. 



7. PULICA'RIA, Gcertn. 



Characters of Inula, but pappus with an outer row of short scales. — 

 Distrib. Species 24, European and Asiatic. — Etym. Pulex, from being 

 obnoxious to jleas. 



1. P. dysenter'ica, Gcertn. ; woolly or cottony, leaves oblong-cordate 

 ^-amplexicaul, ligules long, scales of pappus connate toothed. 



Moist places, from Isla and Haddington southd., rare in Scotland ; Ireland ; 

 Channel Islands; fl. July-Sept. — Bootstock creeping, stoloniferous. Stem 

 branched above, very leafy. Leaves 1|-2| in., irregularly waved and 

 toothed. Heads 1 in. diam., few, terminal ; peduncle naked, and involucre 

 densely woolly ; invol. bracts setaceous ; ray very slender. Fruit silky ; 

 pappus-hairs few, unequal, dirty white. — Disteib. From Denmark southd., 

 N. Africa, Himalaya. — Bitter, formerly used in dysentery. 



2. P. vulga'ris, Gcertn. ; pubescent, leaves sessile oblong-lanceolate, 

 ligules very short, scales of pappus free. Inula Puliearia, L. 



Moist sandy places, rare, from Montgomery and Norfolk to Cornwall and 

 Kent; Channel Islands ; fl. Aug.-Sept— Annual, slightly glandular. Stem 

 6-8 in., irregularly much branched, leafy. Leaves 1-1^ in., obscurely 

 toothed, auricles small. Heads ^— § in. diam., subsolitary, terminal ; peduncle 

 short, stout ; invol. bracts subulate, glandular-pubescent ; ligules erect. 

 Fruit terete, silky; pappus-hairs few, unequal, dirty white. — Distrib. 

 From Gothland southd., N. Africa, N. and W. Asia, Himalaya. 



8. GNAPHALIUM, L. ClID-WEED. 



Herbs, sometimes woody below, usually tomentose or woolly. Leaves 

 radical, or radical and cauline. Heads small, usually in terminal or 

 axillary fascicled cymes or corymbs ; invol. bracts appressed, scarious, as 

 long as the flowers ; receptacle flat, naked. Outer fl. female, inl or more 

 series, very slender ; style-arms slender, tips truncate, papillose. Disk-fl. 

 2-sexual, limb dilated 5-lobed ; anther-cells tailed ; style-arms short. 

 Fruit terete or compressed ; pappus-hairs 1 seriate, very slender. — Distrib. 



