208 COMPOSITE. [Gnaphalium. 



Temp, and subtrop. regions ; species about 100. — Etym. yvdcpaXiov, from 

 their woolly habit. 



* Stem leafy. Female flowers in many series. Fruit terete. 



1. G. luteo-al'bum, L. ; annual, stems simple, heads very glistening 

 in dense ebracteate corymbs. 



Light soils; sporadic in Norfolk, Suffolk, and Sussex; Channel Islands ; fl. 

 July-Aug. — Densely cottony. Stems many, 6-12 in., decumbent below, 

 leafy. Leaves 1-2 in., linear-oblong, obtuse or acute, ^-amplexicaul, margin 

 sinuate. Heads J in. diam., pale yellow ; invol. scales hyaline. Fruit 

 papillose. — Distrib. All warm countries. 



2. G. sylvat'icum, L. ; perennial, stems simple, heads in leafy racemes 

 or spikes, or in alternate fascicles along the spikes. 



Woods, pastures, and copses ; N. to Shetland ; fl. July-Sept. — "White, 

 cottony. Rootstnck woody. Stems 2-12 in. Leaves 1-3 in., narrowly linear 

 or obovate-lanceolate, acute 1-uerved ; petiole not J-amplexicaul. Heads 

 subcylindric, £ in.; invol. bracts unequal, yellow or red-brown above, obtuse, 

 outer cottony. Fruit puberulous. — Distrib. Europe (Arctic), N. and W. 

 Asia, N. America. 



G. sylvat'icum proper; leaves narrow usually woolly beneath only, spike 

 elongate, pappus white or brown. G. rectum, Sm. — N. to Shetland ; 

 Ireland ; Channel Islands. 



Sub-sp. norveg'icum, Gunn. ; leaves broader, woolly on both surfaces, floral 

 suddenly smaller, spike short, invol. bracts very dark, fruit longer, pappus 

 white. G. sylvat'icum, Sm. — Perth, Forfar and Aberdeen; ascends to 

 1,600 ft. 



3. G. uligino'sum, L. ; annual, stems diffuse, heads terminal. 

 Damp places, especially in light soils, N. to Shetland ; ascends to 2,000 ft. in 



Ireland; Channel Islands; fl. July-Sept. — Cottony above, rarely glabrate. 

 Stems 2-6 in., usually many, erect from the decumbent base. Leaves narrow, 

 gradually dilated upwards, acute or obtuse; petiole not amplexicanl. Heads 

 § in. long, sessile, clustered, subtended by long linear leaves ; invol. bracts 

 narrow, subacute, pale brown. Fruit very minute.— Distrib. Europe 

 (Arctic), Siberia, N. America. — G. pilula're, "VVahl., is a var. with papillose 

 fruit, found at Toft in Cambridgeshire. 



** JLeaves chiefly radical. Female flowers in one series. Fruit compressed. 



4. G. supi'num, L. ; perennial, tufted, scapes with 1 or few heads. 

 Alpine and subalpine rocks, from Stirling and Argyll to Orkney; ascends to 



near 4,300 ft.; fl. July-Aug. — Dwarf; tufts 1-6 in. diam., covered with 

 cottony appressed wool ; roots fibrous, dark brown. Leaves h-1 in., linear- 

 lanceolate, subacute. Scapes §-3 in., slender, with few linear leaves. Heads 

 1-3, ^ in. diam., sessile ; invol. bracts scarious, brown above, woolly, outer 

 obtuse, inner acute. Fruit pubescent; pappus white.— Distrib. Alpine 

 and Arctic Europe, N. America, Asia Minor. 



9. ANTENN'ARIA, Brown. 

 Characters of Gnaphalium, but heads dioecious or nearly so. Flowers 

 all tubular ; female filiform, 5-toothed ; style slender, funnel-shaped j 



