210 COMPOSITE. [Filago. 



female flowers in several series. Fruit compressed, papillose. — Distrib. 

 From Gothland southd., N. and W. Asia, India; introd. in N. America. 

 F. germanica proper (F. canes'cens, Jord.) ; heads obscurely 5-angled leafless, 

 invol. bracts folded longitudinally, tips yellowish. — Var. F. apicula'ta, 

 G. E. Sm. (F. lutes'cens, Jord.) ; taller, leaves broader, heads acutely 

 5-angled, invol. bracts purplish boat-shaped, tips reddish. Chiefly E. counties, 

 from S.W. York to Hants, "Worcester, and Surrey. — Var. F. spathula'ta y 

 Presl (F. Jussaiy Coss.) ; stem short, leaves spathulate, heads 5-angled sub- 

 tended by acute leaves, invol. bracts boat-shaped, tips pale. S.E. England, 

 from Lincoln to Dorset and Kent. 



2. F. minima, Fries ; leaves small lanceolate, heads 3-6 in terminal 

 and axillary clusters longer than the subtending leaves, invol. bracts in 

 1-2 series at length spreading. F. monta'na, DC. not L. 



Dry places, rather local, from Ross southd. ; Ireland ; Channel Islands ; fl. 

 Juue-Sept. — Slender, erect, 6-12 in., dichotomous. Leaves \ in., erect. 

 Heads £ in., woolly, sessile ; invol. bracts very gibbous and concave at the 

 base, lanceolate, obtuse, glabrous, tips discoloured ; female fl. in 1-2 series. 

 Fruit terete, papillose. — Distrib. Europe, N. Africa, N. Asia. 



3. F. gal'lica, L. ; leaves slender subulate, heads 2-6 in axillary clusters 

 shorter than the subtending leaves, invol. bracts in 1-2 series subacute at 

 length spreading. 



Sandy fields, local, Essex, Herts, Bucks, Channel Islands ; (a colonist, Wats.) ; 

 fl. July-Sept. — Very slender, much dichotomously branched. Leaves §-§ 

 in., ^-amplexicaul. Heads } in., sessile, woolly ; invol. scales very gibbous, 

 concave at the base ; tips scarious and discoloured. Fruit slightly compressed, 

 papillose. — Distrib. From Denmark southd. to N. Africa. 



11. Bi'DENS, L. Bur-Marigold. 



Annual herbs, usually glabrous. Leaves opposite, entire or divided, 

 or upper alternate. Heads solitary or corymbose, rarely rayed, yellow ; 

 invol. bracts 2-3-seriate, outer often leafy ; receptacle flatfish, with a 

 scale under each flower. Ray-fl., if present, in 1 series, ligulate, neuter. 

 Dislc-fl. campanulate above, 5-toothed ; anther-cells simple ; style-arms 

 linear, tipped by papillose cones. Fruit compressed, ribbed, ribs often 

 aculeate ; pappus of 2-5 rigid barbed bristles. — Distrib. Temp, and trop. 

 regions ; species about 50. — Etym. From the 2 stiff pappus-bristles of 

 some species. 



1. B. cer'nua, L. ; leaves sessile undivided, heads drooping. 

 Watery places, from Elgin and Dumbarton southd. ; Ireland ; fl. July-Oct. — 

 Glabrous, or slightly hispid above. Stem 1-2 ft., stout, succulent, terete, 

 branched above, leafy. Leaves 2-3 in., in connate pairs, oblong-lanceolate, 

 coarsely serrate. Heads 1-1§ in. diam. ; peduncle ebracteate : outer invol. 

 bracts leafy, spreading or reflexed ; inner shorter, broadly-oblong, obtuse, 

 streaked with black. Ray-fl. few, short, broad or 0. Frvit narrow-obovoid, 

 ribs and pappus-bristles usually 4, barbed. — Distrib. Europe, N. and W. 

 Asia to India, N. America.— The rayed form is rare, and found in England 

 only. 



