218 COMPOSITE. [Senecio. 



tailed ; style-arms obtuse. Fruit terete or angled, furrowed ; pappus-hairs 

 in many series, soft, slender, equal in length, caducous. — All temp, and 

 cold climates ; species about 500. — Etym. senex, from the hoary pappus. 



Section 1. Sene'cio proper. Involucre with a few (or 0) small 

 bracts at the base. 



* Leaves pinnatifid or 2-pinnatifid ; except S. aquaticus. 



1. S. vulga'ris, L. ; annual, eglandular, heads few drooping, outer 

 invol. bracts many, ligules usually 0. Groundsel. 



Waste places, N. to Shetland, ascending to 1,600 ft. in Northumbd. ; Ireland ; 

 Channel Islands; fl. all the year. — Glabrous or cottony. Stem 6-15 in., 

 often branched from the base, succulent. Leaves piunatifid, irregularly 

 coarsely toothed. Heads § in., cylindric, conical after flowering ; outer 

 invol. bracts dark, ovate-subulate. Fruit ribbed, silky. — Distrib. Europe 

 (Arctic), N. Africa; introd. in all cool climates. — Var. radia'ta, Koch ; 

 has ray-flowers with short ligules. Channel Islands. 



2. S. sylvat'icus, L. ; annual, glandular-pubescent, heads many 

 spreading narrow, outer invol. bracts few or 0, ligules short, fruit silky. 

 Dry banks and pastures, N. to Orkney ; ascends to 1,000 ft. in the Highlands ; 



Ireland ; Channel Islands ; fl. July-Sept. — Foetid. Stem J-3 ft., erect, 

 leafy. Leaves as in S. vulgaris, but more deeply cut. Heads % in., 

 cylindric ; peduncle slender. Fruit faintly ribbed. —Distrib. Europe, 

 Siberia. — S. lividus, Sm. not L., is a form with larger auricles to the upper 

 leaves. 



3. S. visco'sus, L. ; annual, viscid, heads few erect broad, outer invol. 

 bracts few green \ as long as the inner, fruit glabrous. 



"Waste dry ground, local, from Banff and Dumbarton to Kent and Sussex ; 

 Wales (not in W. or Midland counties) ; very rare in Ireland ; fl. July-Aug. — 

 Foetid. Stem 1-2 ft., stout, rigid, grooved and angled, flexuous, branched. 

 Leaves broad, snb-2-pinnatifid. Heads campanulate, nearly h in. long and 

 ^ in. diam. Fruit slender, ribbed. — Distrib. Europe, Asia Minor. 



4. S. Jacobse'a, L. ; perennial, tall, erect, almost glabrous, heads in 

 a dense corymb, fruit of ray ribbed glabrous of disk hairy. Ragwort. 

 Roadsides and pastures, N. to Shetland ; ascends to 2,100 ft. in the Highlands ; 



Ireland ; Channel Islands ; fl. June-Sept.— Glabrous or slightly cottony. 

 Stem 1-4 ft., stout, leafy. Leaves pinnatifid or sub-2-piunatifid, lobed and 

 toothed, terminal lobe large or small, upper leaves auricled, sessile; lower 

 petioled. Heads $-1 in. diam., bright, yellow, campanulate ; outer invol. 

 bracts few, small, subulate ; peduncle slender, bracteate. — Distrib. Europe, 

 N. and W. Asia to India. — S.foscido'sus, Jord., a var. without ray, rarely 

 occurs. 



5. S. erucifo'lius, L. ; perennial, tall, erect, cottony or pubescent, 

 heads corymbose, fruits all ribbed hairy. S. tenuifo'lim, Jacq. 

 Roadsides and banks from Berwick and Lanark southd. ; E. Ireland ; Channel 



Islands ; fl. July-Aug- —Habit of S. Jacoba'a, but more pubescent with 



