220 COMPOSITE. [Senecio. 



Fens of the Eastern counties, very rare ; fl. June-July. — Biennial. Stem 2-3 ft., 

 stout, ribbed, unbranched. Leaves 3-5 in., |-amplexicaul, oblong-lanceolate, 

 sinuate-toothed, acute or obtuse. Heads f-1 in. diam., pale yellow, crowded 

 in compound corymbs, broadly campanulate, short, as" is the peduncle, 

 villous with crisped hairs ; invol. bracts many, slender. Ray-Jl. short. — 

 Distbib. From Gothland to France and Austria, N. Asia, X. America 

 (Arctic). 



9. S. campes'tris, DC. ; scapigerous, pubescent and cottony, leaves 

 petioled, heads few, fruit ribbed silky. Cineraria integri/olia, With. 



Dry banks and chalk downs, York, Lincoln, and from Cambridge to Gloster, 

 and Sussex to Dorset ; fl. May-June. Eootstock short, fibres thick. Radical 

 leaves 1-2 in., spreading, coriaceous, shortly petioled, ovate, obtuse, entire 

 or sinuate-toothed, pubescent under the cottony hairs. Scape 4-12 in., 

 stout or slender; bracts narrow, long, appressed. Heads 1 in. diam., pale 

 yellow ; peduncle stout, erect, bracteate at the base ; involucre broadly 

 campanulate ; bracts narrow obtuse. Ray-Jl. as long as the bracts. — Distrib. 

 Europe (Arctic) to France and Italy, N. Asia, N. America. 



Var. marit'ima, Syme (S. spathul&fo'lius, Bab. not DC), is a tall form with 

 broadly- toothed leaves. Maritime rocks, Am-lesea ; Mickle fell, Yorkshire. 



22. ARCTIUM, L. BURDOCK. 



Stout, erect, branching, biennial herbs. Leaves alternate, the lower very 

 large. Heads solitary racemed or corymbose, not rayed, purple or white ; 

 involucre globose ; bracts very many, imbricate, coriaceous, appressed below, 

 with long, stiff, spreading, hooked tips ; receptacle flat ; scales rigid, subu- 

 late. Corolla-tube narrow, limb campanulate ; lobes 5, slender. Filaments 

 papillose ; anthers with a long terminal appendage, cells with subulate 

 tails. Style-arms connate, pubescent below, obtuse. Fruit large, oblong 

 or obovoid, laterally compressed, transversely wrinkled, base areolate ; 

 pappus-hairs multi-seriate, short, free, filiform, scabrid. — Distrib. Europe, 

 N. and W. Asia ; introd. into N. America ; species 6 or 7. — Etym. &pktos, 

 a bear, from its coarse appearance. 



A. Lap'pa, L. ; leaves ovate-cordate entire or sinuate-toothed. 



Waste places ; fl. July-Aug. — Glabrous or cottony, 2-4 ft., very variable. 

 Leaves often 1 ft., glabrous above, usually densely cottony beneath. Heads 

 f-l| in. diam., webbed or not; peduncle very stout; invol. bracts slender, 

 angled, rigid, spreading. Corolla and stamens purple, styles white. Fruit 

 compressed, angled, ribbed, grey mottled with black. — Young stalks formerly 

 eaten boiled, and as salad. — The following forms present no ' constant 

 characters. 



A. Lap'pa proper ; petioles hollow, heads sub-corymbose hemispherical gla- 

 brous all green, corolla-tube longer than the limb. A. ma' jus, Schkuhr. 

 From York and Lancaster southd., Channel Islands.— Var. subtcmtntosa, 

 Lange (A. tomento'sum, Bab.), has more spherical and webbed heads. 



Sub-sp. A. mi'ntjs, Schkuhr ; heads subracemose more ovoid glabrous or 

 cottony, inner invol. bracts purplish, corolla-tube as long as the limb. 

 Advances North to Skye. — Var. mi'nus proper ; root-leaves coarsely 



