Caeduus.] COMPOSITE; 225 



2. C. cris'pus, L, ; wings of stem continuous, heads small erect 

 fascicled, peduncles leafy, involucre webbed, bracts erect very slender. 



Hedgebanks and waste places, from Ross southd. ; ascends to 1,200 ft. in 

 Derby ; indigenous (?) in Scotland ; S. Ireland; Channel Islands; fl. June- 

 Aug.— Annual or biennial. Stem 1-3 ft., erect, cottony or pubescent above ; 

 branches ascending; wings narrow, waved. Leaves variable, cottony 

 beneath, usually pinnatifid ; lobes broad, lobulate. Heads variable, §-§ in. 

 diam. ; involucre ovoid, bracts subulate webbed. Flowers purple or white. 

 Fruit pale, shining, furrowed. — Disteib. Europe (Arctic), N. Asia, N.W. 

 Himalaya. — A hybrid with nu'tans occurs. 



C. cris'pus proper ; leaves downy beneath, heads small, crowded subglobose, 

 bracts with a slender spine. — Var. C. polyan'themos, Koch ; leaves pubescent 

 on the nerves beneath, heads small crowded ovoid. — Var. C. acanthoi'des, 

 L. ; leaves broader, heads fewer much larger, bracts with a stout spine, 

 fruit with an angled crown. 



3. C. pycnoceph'alus, Jacq. ; wings of stem continuous, heads small 

 fascicled, involucre glabrous narrow, bracts broadly subulate-lanceolate 

 with recurved spines. 



Sandy places, especially on the coast, from Forfar southd. ; rare in W. Scot- 

 land ; common in Ireland ; Channel Islands. — Annual or biennial, erect, 

 1-4 ft., branched, hoary. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, pinnatifid; lobes broad, 

 sinuate-toothed. Heads f-1 in., sessile ; in vol. bracts few. Flowers pale 

 purple. Fruit grey, shining, minutely pitted, not furrowed. — Disteib. 

 Europe, from Denmark southd. ; N. Africa. — C. tenuiflo'rus, Curt., is hardly 

 distinguished from C. pycnoceph'alus by its broader-winged stem, usually 

 more numerous and smaller heads, and outer in vol. bracts with a narrow 

 scarious border. 



28. CNICUS, L. 



Characters of Carduus, but often subdicecious and pappus feathery. — 

 Disteib.' Chiefly European and Oriental; species 150. — Etym. kvtjkos, 

 the Greek name for a thistle. 



* Upper surface of leaves scabrid. 



1. C. lanceola'tus, Hoffm. ; stem winged, leaves pinnatifid, heads 

 fascicled, involucre ovoid cottony, bracts lanceolate spreading. Spear- 

 thistle. 



Waste places, N. to Shetland ; ascends to 1,500 ft. in Derby ; Ireland ; Channel 

 Islands ; fl. July-Oct.— Stout, erect, annual or biennial, 2-5 ft. Leaves 

 |-1 ft., obovate-lanceolate, setose above, cottony beneath ; lobes few, large, 

 2-fid, toothed, with long stout spines. Heads f-l§ in. diam., few, erect ; 

 peduncle short ; invol. bracts very many, subulate, midrib strong, spines 

 long. Flowers purple. Fruit striped, smooth, shining. — Disteib. Europe, 

 N. Africa, Siberia ; introd. in America. 



2. C. erioph'orus, Hoffm. ; stem not winged, leaves pinnate, heads 

 very large woolly, involucre globose, bracts ciliate, spines slender recurved. 



Q 



