230 COMPOSITE. [Picrls. 



"Waste places in a stiff soil, from Roxburgh southd. ; Channel Islands ; fl. July- 

 Sept. — Hispid with stiff straight curled or hooked hairs. Stem 2-3 ft., stout, 

 corymbosely branched. Leaves 4-12 in., narrow, lower petioled, upper sessile. 

 Heads 1 in. diam., corymbose, or subumbellate (P. arva'lis, Jord.) ; peduncles 

 bracteate ; involucre subcampanulate ; outer bractsshort, clothed with black 

 hairs. Fruit red-brown, angled; pappus snow-white.— Distrib. Europe, 

 Asia, Australasia. 



** Outer invol. bracts cordate, fruit beaked. Helminthia, Jus?. 



2. P. echioi'des, L. ; lower leaves sinuate-toothed, upper cordate. 



Ox tongue. 



Waste places in stiff soil, from Durham southd. ; Haddington to Berwick in 

 Scotland ; E. Ireland, rare ; Channel Islands ; fl. June-Oct.— Stout, erect, 2-3 

 ft., branched, hispid and setose, hairs with tumid bases. Leaves obloug- 

 lanceolate, radical petioled, upper amplexicaul. Heads 1 in. diam. ; peduncles 

 stout, stiff, rather swollen, diverging, naked ; involucre hemispheric ; outer 

 bracts foliaceous, inner acuminate. Ligules short. Fruit red-brown, long, 

 curved; pappus snow-white. — Distrib. From Holland southd., N. Africa. 



35. CRE PIS, Ij. Hawk's-BEAED. 



Branched herbs ; juice milky. Leaves chiefly radical. Heads panicled 

 or corymbose, small ; invol. bracts many, linear, equal, with a few smaller 

 at their base ; receptacle flat, naked, pitted, margins of the pits hairy or 

 toothed. Corollas all ligulate, yellow or purplish ; anther-cells not tailed ; 

 style-arms slender and upper part of style hairy. Fruit terete, striate, 

 beak long short or ; pappus-hairs in many series, slender, simple, white, 

 silky, brown in C. paludo'sa. — Distrib. N. hemisphere, rare in the 

 tropics ; species about 130. — Etym. The classical name. 



Sub-gen. 1. Cre'pis proper. Peduncles slender; buds erect. Fruit 

 not beaked. Pappus white, silky. 



1. C. vi'rens, L. ; glabrous below, lower leaves toothed runcinate or 

 lyrate, upper linear sagittate, inner bracts glabrous within as long as the 

 pappus. C. tcctorum, Sm. not L. 



Waste and cultivated ground, cottage roofs, &c, from Caithness southd. 

 ascends to 1,350 ft. in Derby; Ireland; Channel Islands; fl. June-Sept. — 

 Annual, very variable. Stems 1 or more, 1-3 ft., furrowed, much branched ; 

 inflorescence usually glandular-hairy. Leaves often pinnatisect with narrow 

 acute or obtuse lobes, petioled. Heads J-f in. diam., campanulate ; outer 

 bracts subulate, inner linear. Fruit red-brown, ribs 10 or more, smooth. — 

 Distrib. From Denmark southd., Canaries. 



2. C. biennis, L. ; hispid, leaves all runcinate-lyrate, upper simple 

 sessile, inner bracts pubescent within shorter than the pappus. 



Dry pastures, &c, in E. and Midland counties, from York to Kent and 

 Sussex; Aberdeen; Dublin; Chanuel Islands; fl. June-July. — Biennial. 

 Stem 1-4 ft., stout, channelled, ribbed. Leaves 6-13 in., lobes very irregular. 

 Heads f-1 in. diam. ; involucre campanulate, bracts glabrous externally. 



