234 COMPOSITE. [Hieracium. 



radical leaves ovate, cauline few small bract-like or 0, buds globose, beads 

 large, involucre rounded at tbe base at last spherical, bracts appressed, 

 styles yellow. Scotland— Var. H. chrysan'thum, Backh. {H. atratum, Bab.) ; 

 green, radical leaves ovate sharply coarsely toothed long-pet ioled, cauline 

 minute narrow petioled, involucre rounded at the base, hairs and glandular 

 hairs short, bracts many, styles yellow or faintly livid. (£. microcephalum, 

 Loud. Cat., is a small-headed form.) Frequent in Scotland, rare in Cumber- 

 land. — Var. H. senes'cens, Backh. ; green, radical leaves lanceolate evenly 

 toothed, cauline linear-lanceolate petioled, heads 2 or more, involucre ovoid 

 at the base, bracts woolly at the tip incurved in bud, styles yellow. Scot- 

 land. — Var. H. lingula'tum, Backh. (//. saxifrayum, Bab. ; H. divarica'tum, 

 Don) ; green, 15-24 in., radical leaves few toothed coarsely hairy above, 

 petiole short, cauline few sessile, heads several, involucre "broad, base at 

 length truncate, dark with hairs, bracts straight in bud, styles livid. 

 Scotland. 



4. H. ang'licum, Fries ; glaucous green, stem 1-2 ft. more or less 

 leafy slightly hairy or glabrous below, radical leaves ovate-lanceolate, 

 petioles shaggy, cauline oblong or ovate broad sessile amplexicaul, heads 

 1-5, \-\\ in. diam., ligules many, styles livid. H. Zawso'ni,Sm. in part, 

 not Villars. 



Mountain districts, York to Orkney ; ascends to 2,700 ft. ; Ireland ; fl. July- 

 Aug. — A handsome species, best characterised by its size, ovate-lanceolate 

 leaves, shaggy petioles, several (rarely 1) large bright-coloured heads, and 

 livid styles. — Distrib. Pyrenees. 



H. ang'licum proper (H. ccrinthoi'des, Backh. not L. ; H. decipiens, Syme) ; 

 petioles long shaggy winged, cauline leaves 1-2 ovate, heads 2-5, involu- 

 cre ventricose rounded at the base, bracts slender, ligules hairy at the tip 

 (b. amplexicau'le and c. acutifo'lium of Loud. Cat. are forms of this). 



Sub-sp. I'rictjm, Fries (H. Lapeyrou'sii, Bab. not Frcel.) ; more robust and 

 leafy, radical leaves in a less marked rosette or scattered, petioles shorter, 

 cauline broadly ovate not contracted above the base, involucre truncate at 

 the base constricted after flowering, ligules glabrous. This, which is con- 

 fined to Britain and Ireland, bears much the same relation in foliage to 

 Lawso'ni that tridenta'tum does to vulya'tum. 



5. H. muro'rum, L. ; green or glaucous, stem 1-2 ft. glabrous or hairy 

 below, primordial leaves suborbicular, radical in a distinct rosette ovate 

 acute cordate or rounded at the base entire or toothed, cauline or very 

 few, heads 2-6 f-1 in. diam., peduncles floccose and covered with scattered 

 simple and gland-tipped hairs. 



Woods, heaths, walls and rocks, N. to Shetland ; ascends to 2,000 ft. ; Ireland ; 

 fl. July-Sept. — The commonest Hieracium of Britain except Pilosel'la and 

 sylvat'icum, and best distinguished from H. any'licum by the smaller heads 

 and less robust habit ; and from H. nigres'cens by its large size and less 

 villous or hairy stem and involucres ; but there is every trausition between 

 these and the following.— Distrib. Europe (Arctic), N W. Asia, Himalaya. 

 N. America. — I can make nothing of the following sub-species and varieties, 

 which are adopted from Backhouse's monograph. 



