Leontodon.] COMPOSITES. 239 



yellow ; invol. bracts many, in several series, outer smaller ; receptacle 

 fiat, naked. Flowers all ligulate ; anther- cells not tailed ; style-arms 

 linear obtuse, and upper parts of style hairy. Fruit terete, grooved, 

 transversely rugose ; beak short ; pappus-hairs rigid, 1-2-seriate, slightly 

 dilated at the base, outer simple and rough, or the outer of toothed scales 

 and the inner of one series of feathery hairs. — Distrib. Europe, W. Asia ; 

 species about 25. — Etym. \4cov and dtiovs, from the toothed leaves. 



Section 1. Pappus of outer flowers of toothed scales, of inner of 

 feathery hairs. Buds drooping. 



1. Ii. hir'tus, L. ; leaves hispid oblong or lanceolate. Hedyp'nois, Sm. 

 Thrin'cia, Both. 



Gravelly pastures, &c., from Durham southd. ; Edinburgh to Roxburgh only in 

 Scotland ; Ireland ; Channel Islands ; fl. July-Aug.— A hispid biennial ; 

 hairs often forked. Leaves 3-6 in., long-petioled. Scapes very many, 4-8 

 in. Heads §-§ in. diam. ; involucre campanulate ; bracts lanceolate, sub- 

 acute, keeled, glabrous, edges and back hispid or ciliate. Fruit \ in., closely 

 grooved and minutely muricate, outer stouter curved almost smooth ; 

 pappus white.— Distrib. From Gothland southd. 



Section 2. Pappus of all the flowers 2-seriate, slender ; outer short, 

 scabrid ; inner longer, base dilated, feathery. Buds drooping. 



2. L. his'pidus, L. ; leaves hispid oblong-lanceolate. Hedyp'nois, Sm. 

 Apar'gia, Willd. 



Meadows, &c, on dry soil, from Isla and Forfar southd. ; ascends to near 

 2,000 ft. in Northumbd. ; Ireland ; Channel Islands ; fl. June-Sept. — A 

 hispid biennial; rootstock truncate; hairs often forked. Leaves 3-5 in. 

 Scapes 6-18 in., few, slender, swollen at the top. Heads 1| in. diam. ; invo- 

 lucre obconic ; bracts linear lanceolate, tips woolly, obtuse. Fruit slender, 

 ribs very muricate above ; pappus brownish-white. — Distrib. Europe. 



Section 3. Pappus of all the flowers 1-seriate, feathery, base dilated. 

 Buds erect. Oporin'ia, Don. 



3. Ij. autumna'lis, L. ; leaves glabrous lanceolate. Apargia, Willd. 

 Pastures and waste places, N. to Shetland ; ascends to 3,000 ft. in the High- 

 lands ; Ireland ; Channel Islands ; fl. July-Sept. — Glabrous below ; hispid 

 above ;. rootstock truncate. Leaves 4-10 in., variable, entire or pinnatifid. 

 Scape ascending, usually solitary, branched, rarely simple, bracteate ; 

 peduncles swollen above. Heads §-l§ in. diam., involucre obconic or cam- 

 panulate ; bracts glabrous, hispid, or in subalpine districts clothed with black 

 hairs {L. praten'sis, Koch.; Apar'gia Tarax'aci,Hornem.), outer subulate, 

 inner linear obtuse. Fruit very slender, ribbed, slightly muricate ; pappus 

 brownish-white. — Distrib. Europe (Arctic), N. and W. Asia, Greenland 

 introd. in N. America. 



39. TAR AX' A CUM, JUSS. DANDELION. 



Perennial, scapigerous herbs ; juice milky. Leaves all radical, entire 

 or pinnatifid. Heads solitary, scapes fistular leafless ; invol. bracts 



