Jasione.] CAMPANULACEM. 245 



J. monta'na, L. ; hispidly pubescent, leaves obovate-oblong. 

 Heathy pastures and light soils, from Kincardine and the Clyde southd. ; 

 Ireland ; Channel Islands ; fl. June-Sept. — Habit of Scabiosa. Annual, or 

 biennial (var. littoralis). Stem 6-18 in., branched from the base. Leaves 

 §-1 in., radical petioled ; cauline linear -oblong, obtuse, waved or crenate, 

 ciliate. Peduncles long, slender, naked. Heads 1-6, |-§ in. diam., hemi- 

 spheric ; bracts ovate, acute, as long as the lilac-blue flowers. Calyx-tube 

 turbinate ; lobes subulate. Corolla-lobes at first coherent, persistent. Capsule 

 small, subglobose. — Distrib. Europe, N. Africa, "W". Asia. 



3. WAHLENBER'GIA, Schrad. 



Characters of Campanula, but capsule dehiscing within the calyx-lobes. 

 — Distrib. Trop. and temp, regions ; species 80. — Etym. G. Wahlen- 

 berg, Professor of Botany, Upsala. 



W. hedera'cea, Reichb. ; glabrous, very slender, creeping, leaves all 

 petioled orbicular or cordate angled or obscurely lobed, peduncles 1-fld. 

 leaf-opposed, corolla cylindric campanulate, lobes short. Campanula, L. 

 Bogs and damp woods, in the W. and S. counties, from York to Kent and 



Cornwall ; Argyll to Ayr only in Scotland ; S. and E. Ireland ; Channel 



Islands ; fl. July-Aug. — Rootstock creeping. Stems filiform. Leaves §-§ in. 



diam., membranous, subacutely 5-angled or -lobed, upper often opposite ; 



petiole slender, dilated upwards. Peduncles much longer than the petioles. 



Calyx-tube shortly turbinate ; lobes triangular-subulate, erect. Corolla 



■| in., pale blue ; lobes obtuse, recurved. Capsule subglobose, membranous. 



— Distrib. W. Europe, from France to Spain. 



4. PHYTEU'MA, L. 



Perennial herbs. Radical leaves petioled, cauline usually narrow, sessile. 

 Flowers in dense spikes or heads ; involucre of several bracts. Calyx 

 ovoid or obconic ; limb superior, 5-fid. Corolla curved in bud, 5-cleft, 

 segments linear, tardily opening, sometimes at length free. Stamens 5, 

 epigynous, filaments linear dilated at the base ; anthers free. Ovary 2-3- 

 celled ; style filiform, hairy above, stigmas 2-3 short filiform. Capsule 

 ovoid, dehiscing below the middle by longitudinal valves. Seeds many, 

 ovoid or compressed ; embryo straight, cotyledons divaricating. — Distrib. 

 Europe, W. Asia ; species about 30. — Etym. obscure. 



1. P. orbicula're, L. ; glabrous or slightly hairy, heads globose in 

 flower oblong in fruit, stigmas usually 3. 



Chalk downs, from Kent to Surrey and Wilts, local ; fl. July-Aug. — Rootstock 

 tuberous below. Stems 6-18 in., several, erect or ascending. Radical leaves 

 1-2 in., long-petioled, oblong- or ovate-lanceolate, rarely cordate, crenate ; 

 cauline few, smaller upwards. Heads §-l| in. diam. ; bracts short, oblong, 

 acute. Flowers deep blue. Calyx-tube short ; lobes triangular. Corolla-lobes 

 at length free to the base. Capsule short, 2-3-celled. — Distrib. From 

 Belgium southd., S. Bussia. 



2. P. spica'tum, L. ; glabrous, heads oblong or cylindric in flower 

 elongate in fruit, styles very long, stigmas 2. 



