248 CAMPANULACEjE. [Campanula. 



§-f in., blue-purple, broadly campanulate ; lobes suberect, acute. Capsule 

 drooping, valves basal.— Distrib. Europe, N. Africa, Siberia.— The upper- 

 most flower in each raceme opens first. 



6. C. glomera'ta, L. ; pubescent, stem short terete leafy, leaves crenate, 

 radical very long-petioled oblong- or ovate-cordate, cauline sessile ovate 

 |-amplexicaul, flowers erect in leafy heads or irregularly spiked. 

 Chalky and dry pastures, from Forfar to Somerset and Kent ; rare in the "W. 

 counties, and in Ireland ; fl. Sept.-Oct. — Rootstock short, stout. Stem 6-18 

 in., slenler. Cauline leaves |-| in. Flowers bright blue, mostly in a ter- 

 minal head with a few axillary buds below it. Calyx-tube short, obconic, 

 5-ribbed ; lobes ovate. Corolla ^-| in., lobes recurved, acute. Capsule 

 short, valves basal. — Distrib. Europe, N. and W. Asia. — The central 

 flower opens first. 



6. SPECULA'RIA, Heist. 



Characters of Campanula, but ovary and capsule very long and slender. 

 — Distrib. Temp. Europe and Asia, N. and S. America ; species 8. — 

 Etym. Speculum, a mirror, from the form of the corolla-limb. 



S. hy'brida, DC ; annual, hispid or puberulous, leaves oblong waved, 

 flowers axillary subsessile, calyx-lobes exceeding the corolla. 

 Cornfields and dry soils, from Durham to Cornwall and Kent, chiefly in the 

 E. counties ; iutroduced in Scotland ; (a colonist, Wats); fl. June-Sept. — 

 Stem 6-10 in., erect or decumbent, simple or branched from the base, angled. 

 Leaves small ; radical with broad petioles, ovate or spathulate ; cauline ses- 

 sile, obtuse. Calyx-tube longer than the floral leaves, sharply angled ; lobes 

 linear-oblong, subfoliaceous. Corolla rotate, bine inside, lilac outside, cleft 

 to near the middle ; lobes acute. Capsule 1-1| in., angled. Seeds polished, 

 ovoid.— Distrib. From Holland southd., N. Africa. 



Order XLIII. ERICA CEJE. 



Shrubs, rarely herbs or trees, mostly evergreen. Leaves alternate 

 opposite or whorled, simple, often articulate with the stem, exstipulate. 

 Flowers regular or nearly so. Calyx superior or inferior, 4— 5-fid or -partite. 

 Corolla hypogynous or epigynous, campanulate, 4-5-toothed or -lobed, 

 rarely of 5 petals ; lobes imbricate in bud. Stamens 4, 5, 8, or 10, 

 hypogynous or epigynous ; anthers 1-2-celled, cells obtuse or with tubular 

 tips, opening by terminal pores or slits, often with basal or dorsal awns. 

 Disk annular and lobed or of glands or scales. Ovary 4-5-celled ; style 

 terminal, stigma small simple or 4-5-lobed ; ovules many in each cell, 

 rarely few or solitary, pendulous. Fruit 3-5-celled, a berry or 3-5-valved 

 capsule ; cells many- rarely 1-seeded. Seeds small, testa reticulate, 

 albumen fleshy ; embryo minute, clavate. — Distrib. Chiefly temp, and 

 cold climates ; genera about 87 ; species about 1,300. — Affinities. With 

 Epacridaoz. — Properties unimportant. 



