272 GENTIANEJE. [Gentiana. 



Capsule septicidally 2-valved, many-seeded. Seeds immersed in the broad 

 membranous placentas. — Distrib. Temp, and alpine regions, rare in 

 Arctic ; species about 180. — Etym. The classical name. 



1. G. campes'tris, L. ; annual, calyx ebracteate 4-partite, lobes very 

 unequal, corolla-tube subcylindric, throat ciliate. 



Moist pastures, especially in the N.,. from Shetland southd. ; ascends to 

 2,400 ft. in the Highlands ; Ireland ; fl. July-Oct.— Stem 4-12 in., simple 

 below. Radical leaves obovate-spathulate ; cauline ovate-oblong or lanceo- 

 late, acute, 3-7-nerved. Flowers 1 in., cymosely panicled, pedicelled, sub- 

 proterogynous. Calyx-tube short ; outer lobes oblong-ovate, acuminate, 

 inner narrower. Corolla pale lilac, rarely white ; lobes oblong acute. 

 Capsule subsessile. — Distrib. Europe (excl. Turkey), "W. Siberia. 



2. G. Amarel'la, L. ; annual, calyx ebracteate 5-lobed, corolla-tube 

 subcylindric, throat ciliate. Felwort. 



Dry pastures, from Shetland southd.; ascends to 2,100 ft. in Yorkshire; 



Ireland; fl. July-Sept.— Habit and stature of G. campes'tris, but calyx less 



deeply divided, lobes 5, much smaller, subulate-lanceolate. —Distrib. 



Europe (Arctic), N. Asia. 

 G. Amarel'la proper ; calyx-lobes subequal from half as long to as long as 



the corolla-tube. — Var. precox, Raf. (G. uligino'sa, Willd.), is an early 



flowering state with 4-merous flowers and unequal calyx-lobes. 

 Sub-sp. G. germax'ica, Willd. ; larger, stouter, flowers larger, calyx-lobes 



unequal, 2 broader and more acute, much shorter than the corolla-tube. — 



York, Pembroke, Herts, Berks, Surrey, Hants. 



3. G. Pneumonan'the, L. ; perennial, calyx 2-bracteate, lobes 5 equal, 

 corolla narroAV-campanulate, throat naked. 



Moist heaths, from Cumberland to Dorset, and from York and Norfolk to 

 Surrey and Anglesea, local; fl, Aug.-Sept. — Rootstock short. Stems 1-2 ft., 

 few, slender, scaly below, simple or nearly so, leafy above. Leaves 1-1| in., 

 linear-oblong, obtuse, 1-3-nerved. Flowers 1-2 in., few, axillary and ter- 

 minal, shortly pedicelled, proterandrous ; bracts 2, long, linear. Calyx-tube 

 obconic; lobes linear, obtuse. Corolla bright blue within. Capsule stipitate. 

 — Distrib. Europe (excl. Turkey), N. Asia, N. America (a form). 



4. G. ver'na, L. ; perennial, calyx 2-bracteate, lobes 5 equal, corolla 

 salver-shaped, throat with a 2-fid scale between each lobe. 



Wet subalpine limestone rocks of Westmoreland, York, Durham ; ascends to 

 2,400 ft. ; Mayo, Galway, Clare ; fl. May-June.— Tufted, stoloniferous. 

 Radical leaves rosulate, ovate or ovate-oblong, obtuse or subacute, 1-nerved ; 

 cauline few, smaller, oblong. Stem 1-2 in., curved or ascending. Flowers 

 1 in. diam., solitary, sessile ; bracts foliaceous. Calyx-tube large, 5-winged ; 

 lobes acute. Corolla bright blue ; lobes ovate, obtuse. Capsule subsessile. — 

 Distrib. Europe (excl. Turkey), N. and "W. Asia. 



5. G. nivalis, L. ; annual, calyx 2-bracteate, lobes 5 equal, corolla 

 funnel-shaped, throat with a 2-fid scale between each lobe. 

 Breadalbane and Clova Mts., from 2,400-3,300 ft., very rare ; fl. Aug.-Sept.— 



Stem slender, 2-8 in., simple or branched. Radical leaves £-£ in., few, 



